كليدواژه :
طراحي معماري , ميراث روستايي , معيارهاي پايه , معيارهاي كالبدي , روستاي تاريخي ميمند
چكيده فارسي :
چالش ميان قديم و جديد همواره مطرح بوده است. از يك طرف ضوابط و مقررات حفاظتي و از طرفي بي‌توجهي و ناهماهنگي طرح‌هاي جديد به زمينه ميراثي، موضوع مجادلات جدي بوده است. در اين ميان طراحي جديد در ميراث روستايي به‌دليل ويژگي‌هاي خاص و در عين حال روابط پيچيده اجتماعي، فرهنگي، اقتصادي و طبيعي، علي‌رغم ظاهر ساده آن، كاري دشوار است. هدف از اين مقاله بررسي اصول و معيارهاي كليدي در طراحي بناها و عناصر معماري جديد در بافت‌هاي ميراث روستايي است. روش تحقيق اين پژوهش از نوع كيفي است. در اين ميان بررسي و تحليل محتواي اسناد بين‌المللي كمك خواهد كرد تا دستاوردهايي در جهت نيل به اين معيارها حاصل گردد. اين تحقيق ضمن جمع‌آوري داده‌ها از طريق مشاهده مستقيم و تحليل جزئيات كالبدي، سازگاري معيارهاي مستخرج از مباني نظري را در روستاي تاريخي ميمند بررسي مي‌نمايد. همچنين با روش زمينه‌يابي و انجام مصاحبه با ساكنين در مورد انطباق‌پذيري طراحي‌هاي انجام شده و تدقيق معيارها تأكيد دارد. يافته‌هاي تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه فراتر از معيارهاي كالبدي، اين معيارهاي پايه هستند كه نقش تعيين‌كننده‌اي در موفقيت طراحي در ميراث روستايي دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
The challenge between the old and new has always been a matter of discussion. This gap has been widened with the modernism movement and the new language of architecture. This issue manifests itself more acutely in new designs
in historical contexts. On one hand, conservation rules and regulations, and on the other hand, the negligence and
inconsistency of new projects in the field of heritage are the subjects of serious controversy. The use of the language
of contemporary architecture in understanding the traditional style of life and construction, identification and adequate
perception of the local architectural system of the site and the spirit of the place can result in a design that is compatible
with the heritage of the place. Meanwhile, planning a new design in a rural heritage site is a difficult task due to its special
features and the complex socio-cultural, economic, and natural relations, and that is why in practice there are fewer
successful examples. Analysis of the effective factors in the design of rural heritage architecture presents a perspective
for designers. The new design can play a significant role in preserving, encouraging, improving, or enhancing the values
of built heritage in attracting the public attention and providing amenities for its owners and even neighbors. The purpose
of this article is to study and develop effective principles and criteria in the design of new buildings and architectural
elements in rural heritage sites, in order to achieve multiple criteria and principles and the key relations in the design of
buildings and new elements in a rural context. The research method of this study is qualitative. Studying and analyzing
the international documents, which are part of the achievements of valuable experiences in design in heritage contexts and
their related challenges, will assist in developing these principles. Also, by examining various approaches and theories
in this field the question of how to appropriately deal with rural heritage in order to protect its values, can be answered
according to different approaches of architectural design. In the next step, the research examines and analyzes the designs
that have been done in the historical village of Maymand (case study) and tries to check the compatibility of the designs
with the principles that have been developed in the first part of the research. In addition, the validity of the research and
the verification of the data will be assessed in this way. The results show that the principles and rules of conservation
in a historical context cannot be considered as a limitation, but could be interpreted as an opportunity to create a lasting
heritage in the future. These criteria help to enrich the new design and create identity. The designs made in the village of
Maymand, which has proved its success due to several years of operation and the acceptance of the residents, showed
good adaptability to the principles and components obtained from the theoretical foundations of the research. Finally,
it was found that beyond the physical criteria, the basic factors are the ones that play a decisive role in the success of a design in rural heritage.
