پديد آورندگان :
مرتضوي، محبوبه سادات دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، تهران، ايران , مهديزاده سراج، فاطمه دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، تهران، ايران , فيضي، محسن دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
نما , سبك معماري پست مدرن , سبك معماري مدرن متأخر , سبك معماري نئوكلاسيك , عناصر فيزيكي
چكيده فارسي :
به جهت ورود و نفوذ عناصري از معماري ديگر مكان‌ها، همواره در تعيين سبك معماري نماهاي آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني، سردرگمي وجود داشته است. تشخيص و تمايز سبك‌ها و تعيين عناصر شاخصه آنها مي‌تواند در تحليل‌هاي آتي مبني بر هدايتگري سلايق بصري جامعه و ايجاد هماهنگي منظر بصري در شهرها، كارايي داشته باشد. هدف اين پژوهش شناسايي عناصر فيزيكي سبك‌هاي نماهاي مسكوني رايج در شهر تهران است تا بدين لحاظ بتوان مبنايي براي دسته‌بندي نماها فراهم نمود. با اين هدف نماهاي آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني ميان مرتبه معاصر واقع در هفت منطقه شهرداري شهر تهران كه نماينده سبك‌هاي پست‌مدرن، مدرن متأخر و نئوكلاسيك مي‌باشند توسط دوربين ثبت گرديدند. سپس عناصر فيزيكي هر سبك با توجه به تصاوير در جدول‌هايي تنظيم و فراواني هر عامل فيزيكي با روش استدلال و تحليل منطقي تعيين گرديد. اين پژوهش از حيث روش تحقيق از نوع پژوهش موردي با راهبرد توصيفي-تحليلي است و ماهيت بنيادي-كاربردي دارد. در مجموع 2303 نما مورد تحليل قرار گرفتند كه از اين تعداد 1131 نمونه مدرن متأخر، 1086 نمونه نئوكلاسيك، 85 نمونه پست‌مدرن و 1 نمونه تركيب سه سبك مي‌باشند. همچنين، 40 عنصر فيزيكي در سبك پست‌مدرن، 39 عنصر فيزيكي در سبك مدرن متأخر و 44 عنصر فيزيكي در سبك نئوكلاسيك شناسايي شدند. از مجموع نماهاي مورد تحليل، سبك پست‌مدرن تنها 3.7% كل نماها را در بر مي‌گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Due to the emergence and influence of elements of architecture from different places, there is always confusion in determining the architectural style of facades. Identifying the characteristic elements of the prevalent styles of residential
facades in the city of Tehran that have gradually taken a certain style over time brings about many benefits. Identifying
and distinguishing styles and determining their characteristics can be effective in future analysis in guiding the visual
tastes of the community and creating visual harmony in the cities. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical
elements of prevalent residential façade styles in Tehran so that a basis is provided for the classification of facades. For
this purpose, the facades of middle-height residential apartments located in seven municipality districts of Tehran which
represent the postmodern, late modern, and neoclassical styles were recorded by the camera. Then, the physical elements
of each style were recorded in a table according to the images. The frequency of each physical element was determined
by the logical reasoning and analysis method. This research is a case study with a descriptive-analytical approach. A
total of 2303 facades were analyzed, of which 1131 were late modern samples, 1086 were neoclassical samples, 85 were
postmodern samples, and 1 was a combination of the three styles. 40 physical elements were identified in the postmodern
style, 39 physical elements in the late modern style, and 44 physical elements in the neoclassical style. The late modern and
neoclassical style façade categories are prevalent in almost equal ratios, while the postmodern style accounts for only about
3.7% of the total facades examined. In the postmodern style, there is an attempt to renew the design elements of Iran’s past
architecture. Therefore, identifying the physical elements of the postmodern façade style can be beneficial in designing
residential facades that are linked to Iran's past architecture. A pattern was identified in some of the postmodern facades that
were analyzed which included the presence of three physical elements at once: arches, awnings, and vertical divisions. This
could indicate a new style of postmodern design. Several identified physical elements are specific to a facade style. These
physical elements are either rarely observed or do not exist at all in the other styles. These include 17 physical elements
specific to the postmodern style, 13 physical elements specific to the neoclassical style, and 2 physical elements specific
to the modern style. Therefore, the greatest variety of physical elements specific to a style is evident in the postmodern
style. The elements specific to the postmodern style include: bricks as the most used material, embossed brick volumes,
turquoise/blue tiles or elements, brick frames with light-colored materials within, vertical facade divisions, cog-jagged
volumes/materials, awnings, void in the roof guards, designed guards, brickwork around windows, fakhr-o-madyan
design (wall barriers in gardens, bazaars and religious places made of bricks in the form of a grid of empty spaces so that
the outside can be viewed from the inside), brick designs, vertical façade divisions, stepped brickwork, curved volumes,
arches in the roof guards, lozenge designs and textures, and vertical façade divisions + arches + awnings.
