چكيده فارسي :
عملكرد طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري، يكي از مباحث اساسي حوزه نظريه و عمل شهرسازي در ايران است. اما به نظر مي‌رسد نوع نگاه به مفهوم توسعه شهري، دست كم دچار نوعي دوگانگي است. تفاوت گفتماني بازيگران در طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري، محصولات متفاوت و گاه متناقضي را در پي دارد. اين مقاله به دنبال آشكارسازي مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر بر فرايند تهيه و تصويب طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري در سطوح مختلف با تكيه بر تجارب شهر مشهد است. در راستاي دستيابي به اين هدف، پژوهش حاضر از قابليت‌هاي روش تحليل موقعيت استفاده خواهد كرد تا با مواجهه روشمند، تعدد مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر بر طرح‌ها و ايفاي نقش جهان‌هاي گفتماني متفاوت، در سطوح مختلف آن را به تصوير بكشد. ابزار جمع‌آوري داده در اين پژوهش ميداني (17 مصاحبه و مشاهده مشاركتي) و كتابخانه‌اي (546 گزارش) بوده و تحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از نقشه‌‌هاي موقعيت و عرصه-جهان‌هاي اجتماعي صورت پذيرفته است. مطابق نتايج پژوهش، ساختارهاي گفتماني متفاوت در سه عرصه سرمايه سياسي، سرمايه اجتماعي و سرمايه فكري در دو مقياس ملي و محلي در ايران ايفاي نقش مي‌كنند، كه در نتيجه آن دو نوع نگاه متفاوت به ابزارهاي تصميم‌سازي و شيوه تصميم‌گيري طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري به وجود آمده‌است. به‌عنوان مثال گفتمان‌ها در مقياس ملي بلندمدت، آرمانگرا و متمركز بوده، اما در مقياس محلي كوتاه‌مدت، پروژه‌محور و متأثر از مشاركت بازيگران است.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the main issues in the field of urban planning in Iran is the performance of urban development projects. Urban development plans have been prepared in Iran since the 1960s. However, over time, they have encountered some
problems in practice. In order to identify the problems, the performance of urban development projects has been
evaluated in different periods. According to the requirements of the time, various solutions have been presented in order
to improve the process of preparation and approval of urban development plans in Iran. Most of the evaluations have
been done in relation to the physical recommendations of the performance of the plans and most of the solutions have
been presented in order to change the methods of preparing urban development plans. In the global literature today, the
nature of the discourse of planning and decision-making in the public sphere is followed by scholars such as Foucault,
Allmendinger, and Healey. Accordingly, the attitude towards urban development plans in this study has shifted from an
empirical perspective to more flexible and deductive perspectives. In the field of urban development plans, this article
seeks to reveal the components affecting the process of preparation and approval of plans in Iran based on the experiences
of the city of Mashhad. In order to achieve this goal, the present study will use the capabilities of new methods of the
grounded theory called situational analysis. The use of situational analysis could show us that the factors influencing the
preparation and approval of urban development plans in Iran are very diverse, dynamic, and complex. Different factors
affect urban development plans and they are influenced by different discourse worlds at different scales. Data collection
tools in this study include field data and library data. Field data collection includes 17 interviews with specialists. There
were also 546 interviews, reports, and articles published in the press that were used to collect library and documentary
data. Data analysis in this study was carried out by using the proposed method of Adel Clarke using location maps and
arena/social world maps on the national and local scales. The results of this study showed that in different social worlds,
different discourse structures affect the preparation and approval of urban development plans in Iran. Areas affecting the
preparation of urban development plans were divided into three categories: political, intellectual, and social capitals. As
a result of the impact of these three types of capitals, different planning methods and decision-making methods have
emerged. The analysis of the arena-social world map in this study showed that there are content differences in the fields
of social capital, intellectual capital, and political-managerial capital at national and local scales. consequently, planning
tools and decision-making methods are also expressed differently at national and local levels. At the local level, due
to the role of municipalities in urban development plans and their vital relationship with the people, there is a tendency
for short-term, collective, and action-oriented decisions, while at the national level due to centralist approaches and oil
revenues, long-term, governmental, and idealistic measures are in focus.
