كليدواژه :
طبقه بندي اقليمي , طراحي زيست اقليمي , آسايش حرارتي , مديريت انرژي , معماري همساز با اقليم
چكيده فارسي :
عدم انطباق ساختمان‌هاي جديد با محيط اقليمي و بي‌توجهي به تأثيرات متقابل اين دو منجر به مصرف لجام‌گسيخته انرژي‌هاي فسيلي شده است؛ بگونه‌اي كه افزون بر آن، آسايش حرارتي ساكنان آن‌ها را نيز دچار اختلال مي‌‌كند. لذا تحقيق حاضر به دنبال شناخت صحيح از نظام اقليمي حاكم بر كشور و در نتيجه استفاده مناسب از راهكارهاي مختلف تأمين سرمايش و گرمايش به منظور صرفه‌جويي در هزينه‌هاي مصرف انرژي است. در اين پژوهش به منظور حصول راهكارهاي مختلف تأمين فعال و غيرفعال انرژي سرمايشي و گرمايشي درون ساختمان‌ها براي شهرهاي مختلف ايران، از داده‌هاي اقليمي روزانه دما و رطوبت نسبي 155 ايستگاه هواشناسي در سال‌هاي 1995 تا 2018 استفاده گرديد. به منظور ارزيابي راهبردهاي زيست اقليمي براي تأمين آسايش داخل ساختمان‌ها از دو نمودار بازترسيم شده زيست اقليمي ساختماني گيوني كه يكي براي كشورهاي در حال توسعه و ديگري كشورهاي توسعه‌يافته است، استفاده گرديد. با توجه به جروجي‌هاي حاصل از ترسيم نمودار زيست اقليمي هر ايستگاه، درصد فراواني راهبردهاي مختلف طراحي زيست اقليمي محاسبه و بر مبناي تحليل خوشه‌اي، هشت گروه زيست اقليمي براي ايران طبقه‌بندي گرديد. در نهايت پيشنهادات طراحي اقليمي براي هريك از هشت خوشه ايجاد شده، تدوين شده است و درصد وقوع شرايط آسايش حرارتي و هريك از راهبردهاي سرمايشي و گرمايشي در اين هشت پهنه مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت.
چكيده لاتين :
The incompatibility of new buildings with the climatic environment and the neglect of the interactions between them have led to the unbridled use of fossil fuels and disrupted the thermal comfort of their occupants. There was a climateresponsive design from the past in Iran's architecture, which unfortunately has been forgotten in contemporary architecture.
In the past, buildings that were built in different climates of Iran had special features related to that climate and climate
adaptation strategies were well observed. Therefore, the present study seeks to understand the climate of the country and
consequently recognize the appropriate use of various solutions to provide cooling and heating to save energy costs. In this
article, for obtaining different solutions for the active and passive supply of cooling and heating energy inside buildings for
different cities of Iran, daily meteorological data of dry temperature and relative humidity of 155 meteorological stations
from 1995 to 2018 were used. In order to evaluate the bioclimatic strategies for providing comfort inside the buildings, two
redrawn building bioclimatic diagrams of Givoni were used; one for hot developing countries and the other for developed
countries. These diagrams are the latest Givoni proposes for bioclimatic assessment in his book. How the graphs were
placed on the psychrometric chart reduced their effectiveness, which the authors have redrawn. All charts were drawn for
the stations using GIS software. The frequency of occurrence of climatic phenomena was displayed on 20 ranges of active
and passive bioclimatic strategies and the output data were collected in a spreadsheet database. According to the outputs
of drawing the bioclimatic diagram of each station, the percentage of frequency of different bioclimatic strategies was
calculated, and based on cluster analysis, 8 bioclimatic groups were classified for Iran. Lastly, climate design suggestions
were created for each of the 8 clusters, and the percentage of occurrence of thermal comfort conditions and each of the
cooling and heating strategies in these 8 zones was evaluated. In heating strategies, the most common suggestion for
all regions of the country is "internal heat gain", while cooling strategies in the country are more diverse. Utilization of
"natural ventilation" in humid regions, "direct evaporative cooling" in hot and dry regions, "indirect evaporative cooling"
in all warm regions, "night ventilation with thermal mass" in almost all parts of the country which include "active air
conditioning systems" in hot and humid climates are suggested. The highest percentage of "thermal comfort" is in hot
and humid climates and the lowest percentage in the humid Caspian climate, which shows that the main adverse climatic
conditions in other parts of the country are because of the cold winter weather. Thus, this result is in contrast to what has
always been imagined that the climate of the Caspian region provides the most temperate and favorable environmental
conditions for individuals. In the present study, it was found that the lowest incidence of thermal comfort is in this area and the need for direct solar radiation is more than in other groups.
