مطالعه كشت مخلوط كنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) و لوبيا چشم‌بلبلي (Vigna unguiculata L.) تحت شرايط كنترل و عدم كنترل علف‌هاي‌هرز

Study of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) intercropping under weed control and non-control conditions

ﻓﺮوﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، از اﻫﺪاف ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﮐﻮب ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻨﺠﺪ و ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار، در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1398 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ، ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ، ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط 50 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ: 50 درﺻﺪ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ، 65 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ: 65 درﺻﺪ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ و 80 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ: 80 درﺻﺪ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ و ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي وﺟﯿﻦ و ﻋﺪم وﺟﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز را داﺷﺖ و در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط و ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﺷﺪه، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺳﻄﺢ وﺟﯿﻦ و ﻋﺪم وﺟﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﺑﻮد و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﺪم وﺟﯿﻦ، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي وﺟﯿﻦ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط 50 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ: 50 درﺻﺪ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ وﺟﯿﻦ و ﻋﺪم وﺟﯿﻦ، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 1/15 و 1/72، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﮐﻨﺠﺪ و ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﻣﯿﻦ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد.

Weed suppression and increased production are objectives of intercropping systems. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mixed culture on weed suppression, yield and its components of sesame and cowpea. The experiment was arranged in a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran, during 2019. The main plots included pure sesame culture, pure cowpea culture, 50% sesame: 50% cowpea, 65% sesame: 65% cowpea and 80% sesame: 80% cowpea and sub plots included weed control and no weed control treatments. Results showed that pure sesame culture had the highest weed density and dry weight and there was no significant difference in weed density and dry weight between mixed and pure cowpea cultivars. In the most studied traits, there was a significant difference between weed control and no weed control treatments. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was higher than one in all treatments and was higher in without weeding rather than weeding treatments. The intercropping of 50% sesame: 50% cowpea had the highest LER, in terms of weed control and non-control (1.15 and 1.72, respectively). In general, it is concluded that sesame and cowpea mixture increased the land use efficiency while avoiding weeds, especially compared to pure sesame cultivation.