واكنش عملكرد و برخي ويژگي‌هاي مورفوفيزيولوژيك مرزه (Satureja hortensis) به تاريخ كاشت و سطوح آبياري در منطقه بيرجند

The responses of yield and some morpho-physiological traits of savory (Satureja hortensis) to sowing date and irrigation levels in Birjand

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺮزه، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1395-96 در ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ )75 ،50 ،25 و 100 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﮐﻼس A در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﻨﺞ روزه( و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )26 اﺳﻔﻨﺪ، 21 ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ و 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 25 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ را 69 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 100 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺪار و اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺪار، اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 21 ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ )31/28( در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 100 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن )18/74( در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 25 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 26 اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب، ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺮزه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 25 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﻨﺞ روزه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.

To determine the effect of irrigation levels and planting date on savory, an experiment was carried out in Agricultural, Medicinal Plants and Animal Sciences Research center of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran in 2016-2017. The experimental design was split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of evaporation (E) from the class A evaporation pan) and planting dates (March 17, April 10 and May 5) were as main plots and sub- plots, respectively. Results showed that shoot WUE increased (69%) in 25% E compared to 100% E treatment. The effect of planting date on all studied traits was significant. The highest plant height, number of branches, dry weight of flowering branches and shoot, flowering branches WUE, shoot WUE, essential oil WUE and yield were obtained in the 5 May planting date. Also, the highest percentage of essential oil and leaf RWC was observed in the April 10 planting date. The interaction of irrigation and planting dates showed that 100% E and 5 May planting date resulted in the highest (31.28) and 25% E and 17 March planting date produced the lowest (18.14) number of branches per plant. The results of this experiment showed that considering WUE, to achieve the maximum quantitative and qualitative performance of savory in Birjand, it is better to sow it on May 5 and irrigate it at 25% evaporation from pan, in five days irrigation intervals.