ارزيابي عملكرد، اجزاي عملكرد و صفات مورفولوژيك ارقام قديمي و جديد جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) مناطق معتدل و تريتيكاله (Triticosecale wittmack) جهت كشت در استان البرز

Evaluation of morphological traits, yield and its components of some new and old barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (Triticosecale wittmack) cultivars of temperate zone in Alborz province

آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ دو ﺳﺎﻟﻪ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن اﻧﺮژي اﺗﻤﯽ ﮐﺮج )ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1393-94( و ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺮج )ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1395-96(، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 14 رﻗﻢ ﺟﻮ و دو رﻗﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﺘﯿﮑﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻮد. در ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ و ﺗﺮﯾﺘﯿﮑﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ارﻗﺎم ﻓﺠﺮ 30، رﯾﺤﺎن 03 و رﻗﻢ اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ داﻧﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي رودﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﺷﺶ ردﯾﻔﻪ و ﭘﺎﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ارﻗﺎم از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺖ در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻟﺒﺮز ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺮﯾﺘﯿﮑﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﮐﺜﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در ارﻗﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺟﻮ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﺑﺎرور در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﺑﺎرور و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. در ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺮﯾﺘﯿﮑﺎﻟﻪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮأم ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺒﻊ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻃﻮل اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و دﻣﮕﻞ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ارﻗﺎم ﭘﺮﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻓﺠﺮ 30، رﯾﺤﺎن 03، رودﺷﺖ و ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺮﯾﺘﯿﮑﺎﻟﻪ در ﮐﻼﺳﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اﻗﻠﯿﺪﺳﯽ 10 و ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺬﮐﻮر داراي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻨﻤﯽﺗﻮان از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ اﯾﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﺑﺎ ارﻗﺎم ﮐﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان واﻟﺪﯾﻦ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ و ﺑﺮﺗﺮ از واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺟﺴﺖ.

A two-year experiment was conducted as completely randomized block design with three replicates on the field conditions, at the Agricultural Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization in Karaj (2014-2015) and Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran in Karaj (2016-2017). Treatments included 14 barley and two triticale cultivars. Based on the results, there were significant differences between measured traits in the most of the studied cultivars. In both years of the experiment, the newer, six rows and dwarf cultivars (Fajr 30 and Reyhan 03) and Roudasht (improved with gamma-irradiated) had higher grain and biological yields and harvest index and more essential morphological traits than older cultivars and they were more suitable for cultivation in Alborz province. Result also showed that in most traits, triticale cultivars (Sanabad and Joualino) had considerable advantage over barley cultivars in case of most traits. Therefore, it can be considered as an alternative or complementary plant for providing human food as well as livestock feed in Alborz province. In the new barley cultivars, grain yield and the number of fertile tiller in plant and spikes per unite area increase and a plant height decrease improved the harvest index. Therefore, in the triticale cultivars, both biological and grain yields increases, followed by an increase in the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, plant height and spike and peduncle lengths, improved the harvest index. Due to the grouping of high yielding cultivars (Fajr 30, Reyhan 03, Roudasht) and triticale cultivars in separate clusters at Euclidean distance 10, and considering that these cultivars had suitable traits related to yield, so it could be cross these cultivars with low yield cultivars as parents in breeding programs to introduce cultivars with suitable crossing characteristics and better than parrents.