اثر تاريخ انتقال بنه و وزن بنه مادري بر صفات كيفي و عملكرد زعفران در شرايط اقليمي جيرفت

Effect of corm transfer date and maternal corm weight on qualitative traits and yield of saffron in Jiroft condition

ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﮐﻤﯿﺖ زﻋﻔﺮان، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﻪﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻨﻪ و وزن ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد زﻋﻔﺮان، ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در زﻣﺎن و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در دو ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 96 و 97 در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻨﻮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻗﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻨﻪ )15 ﺧﺮداد، 15 ﻣﺮداد و 15 ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر( در ﭼﻬﺎر وزن ﺑﻨﻪ )ﺷﺶ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ، ﻫﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ 10، 10-12 و 12-20 ﮔﺮم( ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ، ﭘﯿﮑﺮوﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ و ﺳﺎﻓﺮاﻧﺎل، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻞ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻼﻟﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و وزن ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت در ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل اول، اﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪﻏﯿﺮ از ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد و اﺛﺮ وزن ﺑﻨﻪ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ وزن ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺳﺎل دوم، اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و وزن ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ، ﺳﺎﻓﺮاﻧﺎل و ﭘﯿﮑﺮوﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ، وﻟﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻞ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺎﻓﺮاﻧﺎل ، ﭘﯿﮑﺮوﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ و ﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ درﺑﻨﻪﻫﺎي 12-20 ﮔﺮم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي وزﻧﯽ در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﻋﻔﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ )زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻤﺘﺎز(، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدري درﺷﺖﺑﺎﻻي 10 ﮔﺮم( و ﮐﺸﺖ در ﺧﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

The quality and quantity of saffron are affected by several factors, including climatic and environmental conditions. In order to investigate the effects of corm transfer date and weight on qualitative characteristics and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), an experiment was carried out as a split factorial in time based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in two harvests at the Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (Sfandagheh station) in 2017-2018. Experimental treatments were three corm transfer dates (4 June, 5 August and 5 September) and four corm weights (6-8, 8-10, 10-12 and 12-20 g). Crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal contents, flower number and dried stigma yield were measured. The results showed that the effect of corm transfer date and weight and their interaction were significant on the all traits during two years. A separate analysis of the studied factors in two years showed that in the first year, the effect of corm transfer date was significant on taste, aroma, number of flowers and saffron yield but not significant on its pigment content. Effect of corm weight and interaction of corm weight and transfer date were significant on all quality and yield traits of saffron. The results in second year showed that the effect of corm transfer date and weight and their interaction were significant on color and flavor, but for flower traits and yield, only the effect of corm transfer date was significant. Qualitative traits were affected by the corm size and its transfer date. 12-20 g corms had the highest safranal, picrocrocin and crocin content compared to other weight groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that, for the production of high-yield and quality saffron (premium saffron), it is recommended to use large mother corms (above 10 grams) and cultivation in June.