مقايسه خواص آناتومي و بيومتري چوب درون و چوب برون درخت سنجد (مطالعه موردي استان خراسان)

Comparing the Anatomical and Biometrical Characteristics of Heartwood and Sapwood of Elaeagnus Angustifolia (Case Study: Khorasan Province)

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي و آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﯽ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ درﺧﺖ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاردي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي دور ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮوز ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان و ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﭼﻮب و ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯽ و ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﭼﻮب درون و ﭼﻮب ﺑﺮون درﺧﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﯾﮏ اﺻﻠﻪ درﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 2×2 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل 3 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ در ﻣﺤﻮر ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ از ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ )درون ﭼﻮب( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ )ﺑﺮون ﭼﻮب( ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي و آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯽ ﭼﻮب درﺧﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮل اﻟﯿﺎف، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﻔﺮه ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ، ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﯾﻮاره ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ و ﻗﻄﺮ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﻠﻮل ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي اﻟﯿﺎف، در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ دور ﺷﺪن از ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ در ﻣﺤﻮر ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي داراي ﯾﮏ روﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮدي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﭼﻮب ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ درﺧﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺟﺰو ﭘﻬﻦﺑﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﺨﺶ روزﻧﻪاي، ﻣﺮز ﺣﻠﻘﻪ روﯾﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، داراي ﺗﯿﻞ، درﯾﭽﻪ آوﻧﺪي ﺳﺎده و داراي ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺑﯿﻦ دﯾﻮاره آوﻧﺪي از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Investigating changes in biometrics and anatomy of wood species in different parts of tree stems is one of the issues that have been of long interest to researchers in the wood and paper industry. In this study, a comparison of the anatomical and biometrical characteristics of heartwood and sapwood Elaeagnus angustifolia was made. For this purpose, a completely healthy tree native to Khorasan Province, Iran was selected and cut. Test specimens with dimensions of 2 × 2 cm and a length of 3 cm sequentially taken from near the pith (heartwood) to near bark (sapwood) were prepared for biometric and anatomical experiments. Biometric characteristics including fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, fiber diameter and cell wall thickness were evaluated. The results showed that the effect of different parts of the stem on the biometric characteristics of the fibers at the upper level was significant, so that biometric properties had an increasing trend as they moved away from the pith area and neared the bark area. Microscopic studies of wood close to the bark of the elaeagnus angustifolia showed that this species is of the ring porous hardwood species, with distinct growth ring, simple perforation plates and scalariform, alternate intervessel pits and presence of Tyloses.