بررسي خواص آناتومي و فيزيكي چوب درخت آلوچه (Prunus Cerasifera) در صنعت چوب و كاغذ

Investigation of Anatomical and Physical Properties of Plum Wood (Prunus Cerasifera) in the Wood and Paper Industry

ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي، آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﭼﻮب درﺧﺖ آﻟﻮﭼﻪ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﭼﻮب و ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻪ اﺻﻠﻪ درﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﺎﻟﻢ آﻟﻮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ از ﺑﺎغ ﻣﺮﮐﺒﺎت واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻗﻄﻊ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﻪ دﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ 5ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ )ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﻨﻪ، 3و 5/4ﻣﺘﺮ( از ﺳﺎﻗﻪ درﺧﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮﻧﯽ cm 2×2ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل 3 cmدر ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ از ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ از ﯾﮏ اﻟﮕﻮي اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﭘﯿﺮوي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻃﻮل اﻟﯿﺎف در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﻨﻪ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 1/23ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آن در ارﺗﻔﺎع 4/5ﻣﺘﺮ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 0/62 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﻣﺎ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻮر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﮐﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﺎج درﺧﺖ، اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﻧﺰوﻟﯽ دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ داﻧﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ از ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ درﺧﺖ داراي روﻧﺪي ﺻﻌﻮدي و از ﮐﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﺎج درﺧﺖ داراي روﻧﺪي ﻧﺰوﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biometric, anatomical and physical characteristics of plum wood and its applicability in the wood and paper industry. For this aim, three completely healthy plum trees were selected and cut from citrus orchards located in Mazandaran Province. Three discs of 5 cm thickness at three heights (breast height, 3 m height, and 4.5 m height) were cut from the tree trunk in transverse direction and the test specimens were 2 cm × 2 cm × 3 cm- long from the pith to the bark and cut consecutively for examination. Fiber biometric properties including fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, fiber diameter, and cell wall thickness were evaluated. Physical properties including oven-dry density and basic density were calculated. Microscopic sections (transverse, tangential and radial) were prepared and evaluated in accordance with the list of the International Association of Anatomists of the World (IAWA) to study anatomical features. Examination of the anatomy of the plum tree showed that this wood is a semi ring porous hardwood that has distinct growth ring, heterogeneous rays, simple perforation plates, alternative intervessel pits and helical thickenings in vessel elements. In addition, the results of the plum tree biometrics showed that the biometric properties of the fibers in the radial axis of the stem from the pith to the bark follow an increasing pattern, so that the maximum fiber length at the breast height in the area close to the bark averages 1.23 mm and its lowest value at a height of 4.5 m in the area close to the pith was calculated to an average of 0.62 mm. However, in the longitudinal axis with increasing height from the trunk to the crown of the tree, a downward pattern was observed. The results showed that the oven-dry density and basic density from the pith to the bark of the tree had an upward trend and from the bottom of the tree to the crown of the tree had a downward trend.