تحليل الگوي اندروني- بيروني به‌مثابه نظام پنهان فضايي با استفاده از روش نحو فضا در خانه‌هاي اواخر قاجاريه و اوايل پهلوي در بهبهان

Analysis of Interior-Exterior Pattern as a Hidden Spatial Order Using the Method of Space Syntax in Last Ghajar and Early Pahlavi Behbahan Houses

ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن واﻗﻊ در دو ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺮونﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرس و ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﻮقاﻟﺠﯿﺸﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﯾﮏﺳﻮ و ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺮاه ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺼﺮه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎراﻧﺪاز و اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﺎروانﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺖ »ﭘﻞ- ﭼﻬﺎرراه ﺑﻮدن« ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن، زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن آن را داراي دو رو ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ؛ »اﻧﺪروﻧﯽ« و »ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ«. اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺮدم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺧﻮد را در ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﮕﻮي »اﻧﺪروﻧﯽ- ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ« ﺑﺮوز داده اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫ ﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد و در اﯾﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻓﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﺠﺎر در اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻧﺤﻮ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از روشﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﯽ، از داده ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫ ﺎي ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻬﯽ و ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار، ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪرﻏﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﮕﻮي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ »اﻧﺪروﻧﯽ- ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ« در ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯿﺰان رﻓﺖوآﻣﺪ اﻏﯿﺎر، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و اﻟﮕﻮي ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎن ﻓﻀﺎ در آن ﻫﺎ، وﺟﻮد دارد.

According to historical sources and archaeological evidence, Behbahan was located on two extra-regional routes from Khuzestan to Fars and Khuzestan to Isfahan. This region has been a dock and a resting place for commercial caravans due to its strategic position on the one hand and its location on the highway connecting Basra to India on the other. The characteristic of "being a bridge-crossroads" of Behbahan city has made the life of its inhabitants have two faces; "interior" and "exterior". This feature, as one of the cultural characteristics of the people of this region, has manifested itself in the architecture of the house using the "interior-exterior" pattern. The present study analyzes the spatial structure of traditional houses in Behbahan city and uses the space syntax technique in this regard. The main purpose of this study was to analyze and compare spatial organization and hidden order of traditional houses in Behbahan, considering the impact of the presence of merchants in this city with the help of space syntax software. The research methodology was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative section, the data obtained from the explanatory graphs and software were used to extract the findings. Finally, the findings were analyzed by the qualitative method of logical reasoning. The results showed that despite the use of a fixed "interior-exterior" pattern in Behbahan houses, there are differences in their spatial order and space arrangement pattern based on the amount of commuting of strangers.