بهينه‌يابي موقعيت بازشوها براي بهبود تهويه طبيعي، آسايش حرارتي و توزيع بهينه نور روز در شهر يزد

Optimization the Position of the Windows for Improved Natural Ventilation, Thermal Comfort and Daylight in Yazd City

در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﻧﺮژي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻧﻮر و اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﺳﺎزي و ﻣﻌﻤﺎري، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻔﯿﺪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﻮاي داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان و ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻧﻮر روز در ﻓﻀﺎ و ﻣﯿﺰان pmv، اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﻫﺪاف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد، دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮر روز در 16ﻃﺮح از ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ در ﯾﮏ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﮑﺐ ﺷﮑﻞ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﯾﺰد ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺪل ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از روش ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮي، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد، دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا و ﻣﯿﺰان رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺪي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان )PMV( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش CFD در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار دﯾﺰاﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻠﺪر (Design Builder)و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻧﻮر روز )DF(، ﻧﺮخ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ )Uo( و ﺷﺪت روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ )Illuminance( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار رﯾﻠﻮﮐﺲ )Relux( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ در ﺟﻬﺖ وزش ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ و دو ﺑﺎزﺷﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ در ﺟﻬﺎت ﮐﻨﺎري آن، ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب را ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان در ﻓﻀﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. در ﻃﺮح اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان از ﻓﻀﺎ )PMV( 5 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮر روز، ﺷﺪت روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺼﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ )ﻧﺮخ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ= 0.6( در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ اﺳﺖ.

In recent decades, the use of natural energy sources such as light and solar energy in the field of construction and architecture has been very useful. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the location of openings on indoor air flow distribution for thermal comfort of users and natural ventilation, in addition to the distribution of daylight factor and pmv in space. Air circulation, wind speed, air temperature and daylight factor in 16 scenarios of placement of openings in a cube-shaped residential architecture was studied in the hot and dry climate of Yazd as a case study. In addition, in the present article, computer modeling method, library studies and field measurement were used. The analyses of air circulation, wind speed, air temperature and user satisfaction (PMV) were carried out using CFD method in Design Builder software and the amount of daylight factor (DF) distribution, uniformity rate (Uo) were analysed using Relux Software. The results indicated that the placement of one opening in the direction of the prevailing wind and the other two openings in its lateral directions provided the desired air flow and turbulence with appropriate speed and air circulation creating thermal comfort conditions for users in space. The amount of ventilation and air circulation in space, speed, temperature and distribution were balanced. In this scenario, the user satisfaction index (PMV) was 5% higher than other scenarios and the amount of daylight distribution and visual comfort (uniformity rate = 0.6) were in the appropriate range.