بررسي افزايش مقياس ستون‌هاي تقطير واكنشي

Investigation of Scale up in Reactive Distillation Columns

راه اﻧﺪازي ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﻠﻮت ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﯿﺶزﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ واﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻠﻮت ﻣﻌﺪودي راهاﻧﺪازي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ واﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﺑﺮاي واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮي ﺷﺪن، اﺳﺘﺮي ﺷﺪن ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت اﺗﺮي، آﻟﮑﯿﻞدار ﮐﺮدن، رﻃﻮﺑﺖزداﯾﯽ، اﺳﺘﯿﻞدار ﮐﺮدن و اﯾﺰوﻣﺮدار ﮐﺮدن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم واﮐﻨﺶ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﺘﻮن ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ واﮐﻨﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺶﺷﺮطﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاي ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻫﻢﺟﻮﺷﯽ واﮐﻨﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﻠﻮت ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖﻫﺎ 50 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ و ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. آﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ Sulzer ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد را در اﯾﻦ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ.

The design and operation of pilot columns have long been considered as a prerequisite for the design of industrial-scale processes. Despite the obvious benefits, a few reactive distillation pilot plants have been set up. Researches have been shown that reactions such as esterification, transesterification, etherification, alkylation, dehumidification, acetylation and isomerization are best suited in reactive distillation columns. In general, the adaptation of the optimal temperature zone for the chemical reaction is the key parameter in designing reactive distillation columns. On the other hand, one of the most important preconditions for the implementation of these processes is the study of reactive azeotrope points. The diameter of the pilot columns used in most studies is 50 mm and the height of the columns varies according to the type of the process. Sulzer catalytic structured packing has been used mostly in these columns.