تأثير محيط نهادي و كارآفريني راهبردي بر عملكرد كسب وكارهاي ورزشي

The Effect of the Institutional Environment and Strategic Entrepreneurship on the Performance of Sport Businesses

ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدي و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ورزﺷﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﻟﯿﺰرل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﮥ ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 50 ﻧﻔﺮ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 200 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد. راﻫﺒﺮد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي، ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﺑﻮد. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻋﻠﻮم ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ رواﯾﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺑﺮازش ﻣﺪل ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻮد و در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدي و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارد و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ، ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ داﺷﺖ، وﻟﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدي و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎدي ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﺷﺎﻋﻪ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ذﻫﻨﯿﺖ و رﻫﺒﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻧﻮآوري از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اراﺋﻪ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎن ورزﺷﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ارزشﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of strategic entrepreneurship and institutional environment on the performance of sports businesses. The research method is descriptive-analytic and correlation type. For this purpose, the Structural Equation Modeling was used by LISREL software and the final model was presented. The statistical population consisted of all small and medium-sized sports enterprises with a staff of less than 50 people in Markazi province in the product and service sector and a sample of 200 people selected. The sampling strategy was stratified random. Data were collected using standard strategic entrepreneurship, institutional environment and business performance questionnaires. After confirming the validity by the sport sciences experts, the reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The fitting indicators of the model were desirable, and in this regard, the results showed that strategic entrepreneurship and institutional environment affect the performance of sporting businesses and based on the path coefficient, strategic entrepreneurship had the most impact on the performance of business athletics, but the institutional environment had not any effect on Strategic entrepreneurship. The promotion of culture, entrepreneurial mentality and leadership with the development of innovation through the provision of applied training to sports entrepreneurs and the development of rules facilitating and improving environmental values ​​can help to improve the performance of the business.