جايگاه طراحي و تدوين محتواي آموزشي رشته‌هاي مهارت آموزي در بهزيستي آموزشي دانش آموزان با نيازهاي ويژه

The place of designing and compiling the educational content of the training courses in the educational well-being of students with special needs

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ »اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﯽ دوره دوم ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ« و روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ )ﮐﻤّﯽ-ﮐﯿﻔﯽ( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ، روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ؛ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و دﺑﯿﺮان آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي )N=85( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان، 70 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ، از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﱢﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0/859 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ دراﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ )ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ( ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و دﺑﯿﺮان دوره دوم ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ آﻣﻮزي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از »روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ِ ﻣﻼك ﻣﺤﻮر« ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي، ﺗﻌﺪاد 17 ﻧﻔﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻗﺪام ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه، ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻮزه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎت، ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي و ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ، ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺒﻮرﮐﺮدن دﺑﯿﺮان از ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز و ﺿﺮوري ﻓﺮدِ داراي ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮان ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The purpose of the research is "the effectiveness of the educational content of the vocational disciplines of the second year of vocational high school from the perspective of experts and specialists" and the research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). In the quantitative part, a descriptive survey method; an‎d for qualitative data analysis, content analysis method has been used. The statistical population included experts and teachers of exceptional education in Markazi province (N = 85) who were selected by simple random method and Cochranchr('39')s formula, 70 people as a sample for the quantitative section. In order to collect data in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient of 0.749. The method of data analysis in this section was descriptive statistics (average). The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of experts and teachers of the second year of vocational high school who used "criterion-based targeted sampling method" to the theoretical saturation, 17 people were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The result showed that in the current curriculum for students with special needs, the content oversees the cognitive domain and with emphasis on conservation, regardless of individual differences and the ecological issue for students. In this program, the emphasis is on presenting the selected content during the school year, and this has caused the teachers to skip the required and essential content of the person with mental retardation.