كليدواژه :
نشانه شهري , نماد ملي , حوزه بلافصل , مجموعه يادمان ملي , بعد زمان
چكيده فارسي :
مهمترين عنصر شهري از لحاظ ملي بودن، نماد ملي است، بنابراين ضرورت تحليل تاثيرات زمان بر آن احساس مي‌شود. از جمله اهداف مطالعه حاضر مي‌توان تاثير زمان روي بعد ظاهري و معنايي مجموعه يادمان ملي، تاثير مستقيم و غيرمستقيم آن بر شاخصه‌هاي كيفي فضا و اثرات آن در شكل‌گيري مجموعه را نام برد. در راستاي اين اهداف، از روش توصيفي- تحليلي براي گردآوري مطالب و براي اعتبارسنجي، از روش پيمايشي و ابزار دلفي استفاده شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهند كه به‌طور كلي اثرات زمان بر بعد ظاهري بيشتر با تحولات ساختاري، ظاهري، فرسايشي و زوال و بر بعد معنايي بيشتر با تحولات معنايي، هويتي و تكاملي همراه است. زمان روي شاخصه‌هايي نظير گوناگوني، خوانايي، نفوذپذيري، غناي بصري و سرزندگي تاثير غيرمستقيم و بر پايداري و كارآيي تاثير مستقيم خواهد داشت. نحوه تاثيرگذاري بعد زمان بر انواع مختلف مجموعه يادمان‌هاي ملي متفاوت است. درباره مجموعه‌هايي كه در گذر زمان شكل مي‌‌گيرند، زمان باعث خاطره‌انگيزي، ايجاد معنا، ساختار لايه‌اي و مقبوليت مي‌شود و در مورد مجموعه‌هاي از پيش طراحي‌شده، عامل ايجاد الگوهايي با قابليت دريافت در طول زمان و آموزه‌هايي در خصوص طراحي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Since the national symbol is the most important urban element in terms of nationality, analyzing the influence of time on this symbol seems necessary. Less attention has been
paid to the concept of time in the initial comments regarding urban issues. However, it was
considered a serious matter after passing of time and observing its influence on urban and
identity issues. The current study mainly aims to study the influence of time in the formation
of the complex of national monuments, the direct and indirect influence of the time dimension
on qualitative indicators of space and its influence on the appearance and semantic dimension
of the national symbol and its immediate field. Thus, after reviewing the theoretical basics,
many case studies of the world have been reviewed due to the lack of sufficient information and
specialist investigations. Only nine case studies have been randomly selected and addressed
in the present study. These studies are in line with theoretical basics and the thinkers’ ideas
and they led to the final output. The descriptive-analytical method was used to gather the
information and the outputs were analyzed by the survey method and Delphi tool for validation.
The results show that the influence of time on the appearance dimension generally includes
structural and apparent changes, erosion, deterioration, and ruin and the influence of time
on the semantic dimension mostly includes semantic, identity, and revolutionary changes. In
the qualitative indicators of the national symbol and its immediate field, the time dimension
indirectly influences on some of indicators such as diversity, readability, permeability, visual
richness, and vitality. In some indicators such as permeability and visual richness, the influence
of time is associated with the appearance and in some indicators such as diversity, readability,
and vitality, it is associated with appearance and semantic dimension. It is also influential in
the quality of sustainability and efficiency in time dimension. Since there are two types of the
national monuments in general, the influence of time dimension on them is different. Time
triggers memory, meaning, layer structure and accessibility in the monuments built in the
passing of time but it triggers patterns of receiving feature and lessons about designing such as
observing flexibility and designing a timed and dramatic place in space.
