بررسي موانع كارآفريني آموزش ديدگان فني و حرفه اي (مطالع موردي شهرستان زاهدان)

Investigating the Entrepreneurship of Technical and Vocational Trainees (Case Studies of Zahedan City)

ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ آﻣﻮزش دﯾﺪﮔﺎن ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن زاﻫﺪان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿق از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه اﺟﺮا ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻧﻈﺮي و ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺤﻮه ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﯿﻼن ﺗﻌﺪادي از داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ؛ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي؛ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و درﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي؛ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ، رواﺑﻂ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ آﻣﻮزش دﯾﺪﮔﺎن ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ در دﻧﯿﺎي واﻗﻌﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 278 ﻧﻔﺮي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ 1000ﻧﻔﺮي ﻣﻬﺎرت آﻣﻮﺧﺘﮕﺎن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي زاﻫﺪان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ. داده ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و درﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي، ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ، رواﺑﻂ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ آﻣﻮزش دﯾﺪﮔﺎن ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن زاﻫﺪان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to entrepreneurship of technical and professional trainees in Zahedan city. By studying the theoretical literature and research background and examining the way of monitoring the graduates of a number of large universities such as the University of Tehran, the variables of job achievement criteria; Features of technical and professional professors; Technical and vocational education and training program; The rules, relationships and structure governing technical and professional and the choice of skill field were identified as the most important factors in entrepreneurship of technical and professional trainees. In order to assess the status of variables in the real world, a questionnaire was designed and provided to a sample of 278 people who were selected by simple random sampling from a community of 1000 graduates of Zahedan Technical and Vocational Organization. The collected data were analyzed using one-sample t-test using SPSS software. The results show that in terms of participants in the present study, job achievement criteria, characteristics of technical and professional professors, program Technical and vocational education, laws, relationships and the governing structure of technical and professional, choosing a skill field is an obstacle for entrepreneurship of technical and vocational trainees in Zahedan city.