كليدواژه :
گفتمان انتقادي , سرمايه‌داري فقر شهري , سكونتگاه خودانگيختۀ شهري , فروكاست گرايي
چكيده فارسي :
ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻓﻘﺮ ﭘﺲ از دوران ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﮔﺬار از ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم دوم اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﭼﻬﺮه اي ﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ دﻫﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪيِ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺪي ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﯿﺮﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ، ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ، زاﻏﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ، ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ دار و ازاﯾﻦ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ رود. در اﯾﻦ ﮔﺬار در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ در دوره ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اﺗﺨﺎذﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ آﻏﺎز ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎنِ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ آن دﭼﺎر ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ، ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎزﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و آن را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ در ﺑﺮون رﻓﺖ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ از ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﭼﯿﺮﮔﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ داري ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن در ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻓﻘﺮ و آﺳﯿﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ و روش ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﺮ و ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮداﻧﮕﯿﺨﺘﮥ ﺷﻬﺮي اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن راﯾﺞ دوره در اﯾﺮان اﺛﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن راﯾﺞ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ و روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه از آن در ﻫﺮ دوره ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ
ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
After the industrialization period, the phenomenon of poverty has been gradually replaced by spatial rotation and in the framework of the transition from rural and industrial phenomena to urban phenomena, and by reaching the second step of capital accumulation in cities, it has taken on new faceswhich have always been reproducing. For decades, various names have been used to address this problematic, including slums, informal settlements, suburbs, shanty towns, problem areas, and so on. In this transition, at different levels in the world, heterogeneous views have been adopted to deal with this phenomenon, each of which has been the beginning of a dominant discourse on the issue. Each of these discourses, based on the political, economic, and social demands and requirements of society, and the shortcomings of the ruling discourse, reconstruct its semantic system and presents it as an effective system in overcoming society's challenges. In this regard, since the domination of capitalism until now, in the Development discourse, Culture of Poverty Discourse and pathology, various views and methods have been adopted to deal with poverty and spontaneous urban settlements. These discourses have directly affected the national situation and the current discourse in Iran. Likewise, the prevailing discourse and the policies and approaches that emerged from it in each period have directly influenced local conditions.
