محرك ها و بازدارنده هاي خلاقيت در سازمان: فراتحليل مطالعات ايراني

Drivers and Barriers of creativity in the organization: Meta-analysis of Iranian studies

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي عوامل فردي مؤثر بر خلاقيت در سازمان‌هاي ايراني انجام شده است. روش: اين پژوهش از نوع فراتحليل است. بدين منظور از نرم‌افزار CAM2 استفاده‌شده است. در جستجو اوليه با معيارهاي ورود سال پژوهش و زبان پژوهش از پايگاه هاي داده مورد بررسي 1687 سند مرتبط با موضوع يافت گرديد. پس از آن، با معيارهاي درون گنجي 77 پژوهش گزينش و در فرايند فراتحليل وارد شده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 95 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ 0/467 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ از اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮدار ﻗﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻄﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﺳﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ، در واﻗﻊ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺧﻄﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻧﻮاع ارﯾﺐ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ )0/714(، اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ)0/660(، اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ)0/647( و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ )0/749( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ و راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار را ﺑﺎ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ داﺷﺖﻫﺎﻧﺪ.

The aim of this study is investigation the individual factors affecting creativity in Iranian organizations by meta-analysis. Method: The present study is a meta-analysis. CAM2 software has been used for this purpose. In the initial search with the inclusion criteria of the research year and the language, 1687 related documents were found from the studied databases. After that, 77 researches were selected and entered into the meta-analysis process. Findings: The findings show that at the 95% confidence level, individual factors have a significant effect on organizational creativity and have been able to explain 0.467% of changes in organizational creativity. Also, the results of the heterogeneity test indicate that there is a heterogeneity between the studies, which is why the random effect size has been used. The funnel diagram also indicates that the standard error is low and the bias is relatively low, in fact, it indicates a normal and random distribution, and the observed error is due to possible oblique types. Conclusion: According to the research findings, among the individual factors affecting creativity in Organization Independence with effect size (0.714), feeling of effectiveness with effect size (0.660), significant feeling with effect size (0.647) an‎d constructive thinking strategies with effect size (0.749) had the highest effect size and a significant relationship with organizational creativity.