اثربخشي آموزش صلح بر افزايش خوش بيني و اميد در دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه اول منطقه 3 شهر تهران

Effectiveness of Peace Education on increase of Hope and Optimism in middle school students in District 3 of Tehran

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثربخشي آموزش صلح بر افزايش خوش‌بيني و اميد در دانش-آموزان پسر دوره متوسطه اول انجام شد. روش: پژوهش حاضر ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﯿﻤﻪآزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ يك ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي دو ﻣﺎﻫﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪآﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان پسر دوره اول ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 3 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده‌اﻧﺪ و 60 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ورود و ﺧﺮوج با روش نمونه‌گيري داوطلبانه در 2 گروه 30 نفره اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه‌اﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ سرمايه‌ روانشناختي لوتانز(2007) ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آموزش صلح ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 120 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‌اي ﻃﯽ 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺪاوم، به صورت حضوري ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر(طرح آميخته) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده گرديد. يافته ها: يافته ها ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اجراي آموزش صلح در مقايسه با گروه كنترل مؤلفه هاي خوش‌بيني و اميد را در دانش آموزان به صورت معنادار تحت تاثير قرار داده و نتايج تحليل چندمتغير نشان مي دهد كه بين اثربخشي آموزش صلح و مولفه هاي اميد و خوش بيني در سطح 0.01 معنادار است. نتيجه گيري: بنابراين مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه آموزش صلح به دانش آموزان، اميد و خوش‌بيني را در آنان به صورت پايدار افزايش مي دهد.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of peace education on increasing optimism and hope in junior high school male students. Methodology: The present study method was performed. is using quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design by considering one experimental group and one control group with two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included male first-grade high school students in District 3 of Tehran. A total of 60 samples were randomly selected and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were voluntarily assigned into two groups of experimental and control (30 in each group). The data collection tools included Luthans (2007) Psychological Capital Scale. The peace education intervention program was implemented in eight 120-minute successive sessions based on the developed protocol in person After school closure. To analyze the data, the analysis of variance with repeated measures (mixed design) was used. Results : Results revealed that implementation of peace education in comparison with the control group significantly affected the components of hope and optimism in students and the results of multivariate analysis showed that the effectiveness of peace education and the components of hope and optimism at the 0.01 level . Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that providing peace education to students leads to sustainable increase in their hope and optimism.