كليدواژه :
مخاطرات طبيعي , پهنه‌بندي , سيل , آسيب‌پذيري , منطق فازي , تحليل سلسله مراتبي
چكيده فارسي :
ﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ راه ﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﺳﯿﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﯿﻞ ﺧﯿﺰي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﻄﺮ وﻗﻮع ﺳﯿﻞ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺒﺰوار ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺷﻬﺮي و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1399 اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ؛ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و در آن از ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎزي، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺷﯿﺐ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ، ﺑﺎرش، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﻄﺮ وﻗﻮع ﺳﯿﻞ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺒﺰوار ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق اﺑﺘﺪا ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ رﺳﺘﺮﺳﺎزي ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﺎزي، ﻓﺎزي و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اداﻣﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اﮐﺴﻞ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ زوﺟﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺳﭙﺲ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﻞ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ وزﻧﯽ 0/340 و ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/184 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/020 از ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﮐﻼﺳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﻄﺮ ﺳﯿﻞ ﺧﯿﺰي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺒﺰوار ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺧﻄﺮ ﮐﻢ ﻗﺮار دارد ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ اﮐﺜﺮ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن در ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﻢ، ﮐﻢ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the most important ways to deal with flood risk is to zoning the flood potential. The present study was conducted with the aim of zoning the risk of floods in Sabzevar with emphasis on urban and rural areas in 2020. This research was of applied type, and fuzzy logic, hierarchical analysis and GIS were used. In this study. Eight criteria of slope, distance from river, altitude, geology, land use, rainfall, drainage density and vegetation have been studied. In order to zone the risk of floods in Sabzevar, based on the above criteria, first the layers are rasterized and then the layers are obtained using fuzzy, fuzzy membership functions and finally fuzzy maps. Then, with the help of Excel software, the process of pairwise comparison of criteria with each other and then the final weight of the criteria are combined with fuzzy layers, and finally the obtained maps are matched with fuzzy operators and the zoning map is extracted. The results of this study showed that the effective variables in causing floods in the region include slope with a weight coefficient of 0.340 and precipitation with a coefficient of 0.184. Of course, vegetation variable with a coefficient of 0.020 has the least impact in the region. According to the flood risk classification map, Sabzevar as the most important population center of the city is in low risk zone. In terms of rural settlements, most of the settlements of this city are in very low, low and medium risk zone.
