بررسي اصول مؤثر بر ارتقاء تحرك مستقل كودكان به شيوه محدوده محور در شهر ايلام

Exploration of principles affecting children’s independent mobility by zone- based method in Ilam

ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺧﺎرج از ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي اﻣﺮوزي، ﮐﺸﻒ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎرﯾﻒ، ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ اﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﻌﯽ در اراﺋﻪ اﺻﻮل ﻫﻨﺠﺎري دارﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺪوده- ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات رﻓﺘﺎري و داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي، ﮐﺸﻒ اﺻﻮل ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆاﻻت ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ؛ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن در ﺷﻬﺮ و اﺻﻮل ارﺗﻘﺎء دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﺪم اﻧﺪ؟. ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ 1896 ﻣﮑﺎن رﻓﺘﺎري- ادراﮐﯽ، 9 ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﺸﻒ و4 اﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ، ﻣﺰﯾﺖ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻼاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر اﺻﻞ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

In normative studies, which provide qualitative result to promote children's independent mobility (CIM), enough attention is not paid to the attitudes of children, parents, and experts. Positive research that investigates children's independent mobility using measuring instruments, the researcher understanding of the study context and perceptual characteristics of children and parents is limited. The present study aims at investigating the variables of children's independent mobility using exploration and confirmatory methods, respectively. Analysis of 1896 behavioral places made possible discovering 9 selected range of independent mobility and 4 principles related to the promotion of children's independent mobility . Expert attitudes were assessed by Delphi technique and the exploratory principles were ranked by Shannon’s entropy. Factor analysis was used to confirm the effect of 5 factors on improving children's independent mobility (N= 204). The housing type, number of floors, level of residency, street type, green-space, perceived safety and gender differences were variables related to children's independent mobility .