نشانه‌شناسي «عنوان» در شعر محمّد حلمي الريشة؛ مطالعۀ موردي: «لاتعطني تفاحة أخري»، «رسالة إلي كليم اللّه» و «أبابيل»

The Semiotics of “Title” in Mohammad Helmi al-Risheh's Poetry; Cases Studies: “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil”

ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ادﺑـﯽ، ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان داﻧﺸـﯽ ﻧـﻮﯾﻦ در ﻋﺼـﺮ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ، ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﻤﻨﺸـﯿﻨﯽ واژﮔـﺎن و ﭼﯿـﺪﻣﺎن ﺧـﺎ ّص ﮐﻠﻤﺎت، در ﭘﯽ رﻣﺰﮔﺸـﺎﯾﯽ و ﮐﺸـﻒ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻪﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺘﻦ اﺳـﺖ. ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣـﺘﻦ، از رﻣﺰﮔـﺎنﻫـﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟــﮥ ﭘﯿﺸــﺨﻮان ﻣــﺘﻦ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧــﺪ ارﺗﺒــﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺑــﺎ ﻣــﺘﻦ اﺻــﻠﯽ داﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ و ﺧﻮاﻧﻨــﺪه را ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺸــﻒ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ ذﻫﻨـﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴـﻨﺪه راﻫﻨﻤـﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ؛ از اﯾـﻦ رو، ﻣﯽ ﺗــﻮان ﮔﻔـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان، ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤّ ـﯽ در رﻣﺰ ﮔﺸـﺎﯾﯽ ﻣــﺘﻦ دارد. ﻣﺤﻤّ ــﺪ ﺣﻠﻤــﯽ اﻟﺮﯾﺸــﻪ )1985م(، در زﻣــﺮۀ ﺷــﺎﻋﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒــﺎً ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﺎدﻫــﺎ و ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﻪﻫــﺎ، رﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻌﺮي ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃـﺐ اﻟﻘـﺎء ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ. وي ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان، ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑـﮥ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪ ورود ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺘﻦ، اﻫﺘﻤـﺎم وﯾـﮋه داﺷــﺘﻪ اﺳــﺖ و ﻋﻨــﻮان در ﻫﻤــﺎن اﺑﺘــﺪاي ﺑﺴــﯿﺎري از ﻗﺼــﺎﯾﺪ وي، ﺗﻠﻨﮕــﺮي در ذﻫــﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃــﺐ اﯾﺠــﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨــﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﮥ ﻣـﻮردي ﻗﺼـﺎﯾﺪ »ﻻﺗ ُﻌﻄِ ﻨـﯽ ﺗ ُﻔﺎﺣـﺔً أﺧـ َﺮ ي«، »أﺑﺎﺑﯿـﻞ« و »رِ ﺳـﺎﻟﺔٌ إﻟَـﯽ ﮐﻠـﯿﻢ اﻟﻠـﻪ« ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺳـﻪ ﻗﺼـﯿﺪه ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﻓﺮاﺧـﻮاﻧﯽ داﺳـﺘﺎنﻫـﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧـﯽ اﺳـﺖ، ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ واﮐﺎوي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﮥ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻦ اﯾـﻦ ﻗﺼـﺎﯾﺪ و ارﺗﺒـﺎط آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺘﻦ اﺻـﻠﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﮑﯿـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺑﯿﻨـﺎﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﻗﺮآﻧـﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘــﻪ، ﻫــﺪف ﺷــﺎﻋﺮ را از اﯾــﻦ ﻓﺮاﺧــﻮاﻧﯽ ﺑــﺎزﮔــﻮ ﮐﻨــﺪ و ﮐــﺎرﮐﺮدﻫــﺎي ﻋﻨــﻮان را در ﻣــﺘﻦ در ﺧــﻼل ﺧــﻮاﻧﺶ آن ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﮐﻨــﺪ و ﺑــﻪ ﮐــﺎوش ﻋﻨــﺎوﯾﻦ در ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎري و دﻻﻟــﯽ و ﻧﻘــﺶﻫــﺎي آن ﺑﭙــﺮدازد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪﻫــﺎي ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻦ ﻗﺼـﺎﯾﺪ، ﺑـﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ از داﺳـﺘﺎنﻫـﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧـﯽ و در راﺳـﺘﺎي ﻣـﺘﻦ اﺻـﻠﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﻟﻘﺎي اﻧﮕﺎرهﻫـﺎي ذﻫﻨـﯽ ﺧـﻮﯾﺶ ﺑﻬـﺮه ﺟﺴـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ؛ دﯾﮕـﺮ اﯾﻨﮑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﺎوﯾﻦ، ﮔـﺎه ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ دارﻧﺪ؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎ و ﻟﻔـﻆ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ از ﻣـﺘﻦ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و ﮔـﺎه ﮐـﺎرﮐﺮد آن ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﯿﻮهاي ﻏﯿـﺮ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﺗــﻼش ﻣﻀــﺎﻋﻒ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨــﺪه در ﺟﻬــﺖ ﮐﺸــﻒ اﯾــﻦ ارﺗﺒــﺎط اﺳــﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ ﻋﻨــﺎوﯾﻦ ﻣــﺬﮐﻮر، دالﻫــﺎﯾﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺪﻟﻮلﻫﺎي ﺧﺎ ّص ﺧﻮد و داراي ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺟﻠﺐﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

Literary semiotics, as a modern science at the present time, seeks to decode and discover the signs of the text by using the syntagmatic relations between words and the special arrangement of words. “Title” of text is one of the important codes of semiotics and is the showcase of text which can have an important relationship with the main text and guides the reader to discover the author's mental concepts; hence it can be said that “title” plays an important role in decoding a text. Mohammad Helmi Al-Risheh (1985) is one of the poets who often uses symbols and signs to convey his poetic mission to the audience.He considers “title” as a key to entering the text, and has paid special attention to it. “Title” at the beginning of many of his odes gives a fillip to the mind of audience. in this paper, “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil” will be discussed as the cases studies.Since the titles of the three poems are based on the invoking of Quranic stories, the present study aims to investigate the title of these odes from semiotic perspective and analyze their relationship with the main text based on the Quranic intertextuality. This paper also recounts the poet's purpose for invoking the Quranic stories and examines the functions of the title of the text during its reading and explores the titles at the structural and significational level and analyzes its functions.The findings of this research indicate that the titles of the poems have been taken from Quranic stories and is in line with the main text, which the poet has used to induce his mental schemata. Also, titles are sometimes directly related to the text; that is, in terms of meaning and sound, they have been taken from the text and sometimes their function is indirect. So the reader to discover this relationship needs more effort. Also, the mentioned titles are signifiers with their own signified and have descriptive and attractive functions.