نبايدهاي فقهي رسانه با تأكيد بر امنيت و قاعده لاضرر

The Jurisprudential Prohibitions of the Media with the Emphasis on Security and the Rule of Lazarar

اﻣﺮوزه رﺳﺎﻧﻪ، ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﺑﯽﺑﺪﯾﻞ و ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐـﺮده و ﺑـﻪ دﻟﯿـ ﻞ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ دارد، ﻣـ ﯽﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺄ ﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕ ﯽ ﺣﻔـﻆ اﻣﻨﯿـ ﺖ ﻓـﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ در ﺧـﻼل ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫـ ﺎي رﺳﺎﻧﻪ، دﻏﺪﻏﻪاي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﻘﻪ در ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﮐﺸـﻮر، ﻓﻘـﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﻻزم را ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ رﺳﺎﻧﻪاي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎي دﺳـﺘﻮر ي ﻻزم را ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺖ ﻣـ ﯽ آورد. ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، دﺳﺘﻮراﺗﯽ را ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ و اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـ ﺎ رﻋﺎﯾـ ﺖ آنﻫﺎ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺣﻮزه رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻼعرﺳـﺎ ﻧﯽ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ را در ﺣﻮزه رﺳﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. از ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان در ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ارﺗﺪاد، ﻧﺸـﺮ اﮐﺎذ ﯾـ ﺐ، ﺗﻬﻤـﺖ، ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺎت اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﺘﺐ ﺿﻼل و .... ﺑـ ﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿـﯿ ﻦ ﻣﺒـﺎ ﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻬـ ﯽ اﻣﻨﯿـ ﺖ ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺣﻮزه رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، از ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮ ﺑﯽ ﺳـﻪ وﺟﻬـ ﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﺘﮑـ ﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﮑﺘـﺐ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﮔﺮاي ﭘﯿﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺗﺰﻧﺸﺘﺎﯾﻦ، ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ و ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻻﺿﺮر اﺳﺖ، در اﺛﺒﺎت اﯾﻦ ادﻋـ ﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Today, the media plays an important and unprecedented role in societies and, because of its functions, it can have a direct impact on individual and community security. How to maintain personal and social security during media operations is a very important and relevant concern. According to the position of jurisprudence in regulating the laws of the country, Jurisprudence has the necessary ability to maintain the security of the individual and society in the field of media activity and obtains the necessary grammatical statements. The Imamiyyah jurisprudence is based on the provided evidence, has set up and issued instructions through which Society is able to maintain individual and social security in the media and creates the right conditions for proper information in the media. Imamiyyah jurisprudence on topics such as apostasy, false propaganda, slander, dissemination of content against public chastity and Islamic sacredness, preservation of oral books and ... explaining the legal principles of personal and social security in the field of media. In this study, the three-pronged framework relies on the Peter Katzenstein School of Culturalism, the theory of social responsibility, the media, and the legal jurisprudential principle, used to prove this claim.