واكاوي حكمراني امنيتي براي مقابله با ناآرامي‌ها در جمهوري اسلامي ايران

Analysis of Security Governance to Deal with Unrest in the Islamic Republic of Iran

در ﺧﻼل دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎآراﻣﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ، آن ﻫـ ﺎ را ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ ﻫـﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧـﯽ اﻣﻨﯿﺘـﯽ، ﻣـﻮرد ﺑـﯽ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اﺣﺼﺎ ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪه اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳـﺖ. ﻫـﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ، ﺷﻨ ﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ ﻫـﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎآراﻣﯽ ﻫﺎ در ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣﻘـﺎم ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ رﻫﺒـﺮي و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ 25 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎآراﻣﯽ ﻫـﺎ در ﻃﻮل 40 ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اﺣﺼﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ، از اﯾﻦ رو روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐـ ﺎرﺑﺮدي و روش ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ، ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﺰار ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ )ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ( ﺑـﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن و ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار ﻣﮑـﺲ ﮐﯿـﻮدا )MAXQDA( اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﮔـﺮدآور ي ﺷـﺪه را ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه درون و ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﺑﺨﺶ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﻢ اﻓﺰاﯾﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. دﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر آن اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ، ﺳﭙﺎه و ﺑﺴﯿﺞ در دوره 1368-1357، در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي »روﯾﮑﺮدي« ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي »دﮐﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزي اﻣﻨﯿﺖ« ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

During the last decades, the country has faced unrest and the system has managed them with continuous and multilateral efforts. Unfortunately, these activities in the form of security governance have been neglected and have not been identified and counted, which is the subject of this study. The purpose of this article is to identify the activities carried out in the form of security governance to deal with unrest in the I.R. of Iran. In this article, the author has tried to identify and count the total activities carried out to deal with the unrest during the last 40 years, by using the available documents and resources, in addition to reviewing the statements of the Supreme Leader and conducting interviews with 25 related experts. Therefore, the research method was descriptive, the type of research was applied and the method of data collection was library and field with interview tools (in-depth and semi-structured interviews). The author has analyzed the collected information using the content analysis method and MAXQDA software The findings of this study show that a lack of attention to the structures and policies of coordination within and between the regulatory organizations, has led to a lack of synergy and reduced productivity. Another finding of this article is that except for some organizational activities such as the establishment of committees, the IRGC and the Basij in the period 1978-1989, in other periods, "approach" activities have been more in line with the "doctrine of democratization of security."