تحليل محتواي فيلم‌هاي آموزشي شبكه شاد و كتب علوم تجربي دوره‌‌ اول ابتدايي بر اساس آموزش حفاظت محيط‌زيست

Content Analysis of Shad Network Educational Videos and Experimental Science Books of the First Elementary Course Based on Environmental Protection Education

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫـﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﺷـﺎد و ﮐﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ دوره اول اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزشﻫـﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪي آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 52 ﻓﯿﻠﻢ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺷﺎد و ﮐﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﯽ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪاﻟﺘﺄﻟﯿﻒ دوره اول اﺑﺘـﺪاﯾﯽ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ1400-1399 ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي آﻣﺎري ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 9 ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ و 33 ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﻓﺮﻋـﯽ، ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﯿﻮهي ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﻗﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭼﮏﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪﻫﺎي آﻣـﻮزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﭼﮏﻟﯿﺴـﺖ اوﻟﯿـﻪ اﺑﺘـﺪا از ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺮاﻣﺘﯽ و اﺣﻤﺪآﺑﺎدي )2018( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و رواﯾﯽ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي، از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﻮﻟﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ 78/1% ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ، ﺑــﻪ آﻻﯾﻨــﺪهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌــﯽ و ﻣﺼــﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺧــﺎك و آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻧﻮري، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎ، ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫـﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺷﺎد و ﮐﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴـﺖ، در ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ ﺳﻮم اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوﭘﺎﯾﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ، ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑـﻮد و اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ در ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﻮم، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ، ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺷﺎد در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺘﺐ ﻋﻠـﻮم دوره اول اﺑﺘـﺪاﯾﯽ، آﻣـﻮزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴـﺖ را ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار داده ﺑﻮد. اﺻـﻮل ﺗـﻮاﻟﯽ و ﻣـﺪاوﻣﺖ ﻧﯿـﺰ در ﺗـﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، در دوره اول اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of educational network educational videos and experimental science books of the first elementary school in terms of their attention to the environmental protection education. The research method was quantitative and descriptive content analysis based on the categories of environmental protection and also the statistical population included 52 educational network videos and new experimental science books written in the first year of elementary school in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample was considered equal to the statistical population. The sample was analyzed based on 9 main categories and 33 sub-categories by deductive coding method. The research tool was a checklist of environmental protection education categories, so that the initial checklist was first selected from Keramati and Ahmadabadi (2018) research and its validity was confirmed by experts. To ensure the reliability of the measuring instrument, the Holstie formula was used and the agreement percentage was 78.1%. The findings showed that the content of the study did not address natural and artificial soil pollutants and light pollutants. The other two grades were significantly lower, and this limitation in the third grade is considered as a weakness for the educational content in this grade. Also, in general, the films of Shad Network paid more attention to the environmental protection education than the science books of the first elementary school. The principles of sequence and continuity were not observed in the compilation of the studied content in the first elementary period.