ارائه مدل تاب‌آوري جامعه در برابر سوانح محيط‌زيستي با رويكرد فراتحليل

Providing the model for community resilience against environmental disasters with a meta-analysis approach

ﺗﺎب آوري ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ را دارد ﮐﻪ در ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ: در ﻗﺒﻞ، ﺣﯿﻦ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺳﺎﻧﺤﻪ وارد ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻣـﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺎبآوري در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑــﺎ روش ﻓﺮاﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ آﻣــﺎري ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻨــﻮﻧﯽ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج از ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻤـﺎم ﻣــﺘﻦ، ﭘﺎﯾﺎنﻧﺎﻣــﻪ و ﻃﺮحﻫــﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸــﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫــﺎي اﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺗﯽ و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﯾـﺎ ﻣﺮاﮐـﺰ دوﻟﺘـﯽ در دﺳـﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ. ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ورود و ﺧـﺮوج 25 ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﺪل ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺎ 14 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و ﮐﺸﺎورزي، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ، ﺑﯿﻤـﻪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮات، روانﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﻧﻬـﺎدي و ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت، رﻫﺒﺮي و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﭘـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪار 0/95 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻋـﺎﻟﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ. ﻣـﺪل ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺗـﺎبآوري ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﻣﮑـﺎن ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺤـﺮان، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ آﺳـﯿﺐﻫﺎ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

Resilience has the potential to enter the environmental disaster management cycle: before, during and after an accident. The purpose of this study is to investigate the existing models in the field of resilience against environmental disasters. This research was conducted by Meta-Analysis method. The statistical population of the current study included related researches that were available at inside and outside the country as full-text articles, dissertations and research projects in databases and libraries of Universities or government centers. Based on inclusion and exit criteria, 25 studies were reviewed. The results of the research led to the formation of a comprehensive model with 14 components of Environment and Agriculture, Human, Physical, Social and Cultural, Economic and Financial, Insurance, Risk Reduction, Psychological, Demographic, Institutional and Organizational, and Community Competency and Lifestyle, Information and Communication, Leadership and Strategy, and Protection and Security. Reliability was calculated through the Kappa coefficient with value of 0.95, which is at the level of excellent agreement. The model obtained from the research by identifying the factors affecting the community resilience against environmental disasters provides the possibility of improving crisis management, reducing damages and the necessary contexts for educational planning in the country.