تحليل مفهوم هنرمند كنشگر با تكيه بر انديشۀ هانا آرنت

Analyze the concept of Artist-Activist Based on the thought of Hannah Arendt

بررسي نقش هنرمند در زندگي بشري ازآن‌رو كه همواره با كليشه‌هاي بسيار روبه‌رو بوده، موضوعي چالش‌برانگيز است. در اين ميان كليشه‌هاي هنرمندِ نابغه و هنرمند متعهد، با نگاهي تقليل‌گرا به نقش هنرمند، قدرت اثر هنري در زندگي بشري را ناديده گرفته‌اند؛ اين مقاله با تكيه‌بر آراي هانا آرنت به دنبال تحليل موقعيتي به نام «هنرمندِ كنشگر» و پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه اثر هنري چگونه بر زندگي بشري تأثير گذاشته و نقش فعال هنرمند در جامعه چيست؟ در اين مقاله با روشي توصيفي و تحليلي، بر نگاه آرنت به فعاليت كنش تكيه كرده و از رابطۀ آن با داستان‌پردازي، به تحليل نقش اثر هنري در زندگي بشري پرداخته تا نشان دهيم، هنرمند مي‌تواند از طريق اثر هنري، «داستاني» جديد براي هر ابژه در جهان مشترك، طلب ‌كند و دنيايي از «داستان‌ها» را بر روي جهاني از اشيا كه در ميان ما قرار دارند، بنا ‌كند. در اين صورت‌بندي هنرمند كسي است كه به خلق داستاني جديد، معناهاي قراردادي و تثبيت‌شده را از بين برده و با خلق معناها و روابط جديد ميان چيزها، بداهت امر بديهي را زير سؤال مي‌برد. بدين ترتيب كنشگري هنرمند يعني به راه‌اندازي داستاني جديد در جهان محسوسات از طريق اثر هنري.

Analyzing the role of the artist in human life is a challenging subject because it has always faced many stereotypes. meanwhile, the stereotypes of the genius artist and the engaged artist, with a reductionist view of the role of the artist, have ignored the power of the work of art in human life; Based on the views of Hannah Arendt, this article seeks to analyze the situation of the “artist-activist” and answer the question of how the work of art has affected human life and what is the active role of the artist in society? Hannah Arendt, with her different perspective on human life, considers artists to be a unique group. He considers art to be a meaningful activity and works of art to a higher degree than other man-made objects. Arendt's thought conceives a special power in works of art; The power that takes these works out of the group of decorative objects and other human constructions and makes it a necessary activity in the society. In other words, the existence of such power in a work of art makes the role of the artist a sensitive situation in society that can affect society through his work. Arendt considers the activity of “action” to be one of the three fundamental and constructive activities of human life, and the most important of them, to distinguish it from the activities of “Labor” and “work”. Although a work of art is created through the activity of “work”, in order to be known as art, it enters the field of "action"; That is, it itself becomes a form of “action” in a field beyond “work”; Thus, the work of art redefines and articulates the public sphere. In essence, the artist in this situation is the one who, through his artistic action, demands a new story for every object in the heart of the public sphere, in order to disrupt the sensory monotony of the dominant story. In this article, we analyze the role of the work of art in human life from its relation to storytelling to show that the artist can create a new “story” for each object through the work of art in the common world and builds a world of “stories” on the world of objects that are among us. In this formation, the artist is the one who, by creating a new story, destroys the conventional and established meanings, and by creating new meanings and relations between things, questions the immediacy of the obvious. Thus, artist-activist means launching a new story in the world of sensations through the work of art. An artist-activist is one who moves on the frontier of discourses and, by challenging traditional patterns of meaning and freeing objects from their usual connection, reborn that in the realm of art. in this formulation, the role of the artist is not in his direct reaction to the events of society; an‎d it is not in his withdrawal from society, but in his active role in breaking down a particular system of feelings