پديد آورندگان :
چارئي، عبدالرضا دانشگاه شاهد تهران - گروه هنر , ذكاوت، سحر دانشگاه شاهد تهران , كشتگر قاسمي، ريحانه دانشگاه شاهد تهران
كليدواژه :
پادشاهي جمشيد , دربار جمشيد , شاهنامه بايسنقري , شاهنامه طهماسبي
چكيده فارسي :
يكي از شخصيت‌هاي مهم و افسانه‌اي شاهنامه فردوسي، جمشيد است. جمشيد شاه و جزئيات حكومت او در برخي نگاره‌هاي دونسخه به تصوير درآمده است. نگاره پادشاهي جمشيد در شاهنامه بايسنقري و نگاره دربار جمشيد در شاهنامه طهماسبي هردو بازنمايي تصويري پادشاهي جمشيد و عملكردهاي او است. اهميت موضوع در هر دو نگاره ضرورت انجام پژوهش حاضر را ايجاب كرده و هدف پژوهش، شناسايي چگونگي بازنمايي شخصيت جمشيد در شاهنامه بايسنقري و طهماسبي و نيز شناخت وجوه اشتراك و افتراق ويژگي‌هاي جمشيد و نوع تصويرسازي صحنه‌ها در دو نگاره مي‌باشد. بنابراين دو پرسش مطرح شده است: 1- شخصيت جمشيد در دو نگاره پادشاهي جمشيد و دربار جمشيد در شاهنامه‌هاي بايسنقري و طهماسبي چگونه و با چه ويژگي‌هايي بازنمايي شده است؟ 2- چه عوامل فرهنگي، سياسي و اجتماعي باعث شده جزئيات بيشتر و دقيق‌تري در نگاره شاهنامه شاه طهماسب نسبت به شاهنامه‌ي بايسنقري اعمال شود؟ شايان ذكر است پژوهش پيش‌رو با جست‌وجو در منابع كتابخانه‌اي و مشاهده دو نمونه نگاره، به شيوه توصيفي- تحليلي- تطبيقي انجام شده است. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد نگاره شاهنامه طهماسبي نسبت به نگاره شاهنامه بايسنقري جزئيات دقيق‌تري از حكومت جمشيد را ارائه كرده و حكومت جمشيدشاه مقتدرانه‌تر، پرتجمل‌تر و به صورت عناصر تصويري بيشتر و مفصل‌تر بازنمايي شده به طوري‌كه تعداد عناصر انساني در نگاره بايسنقري 15 نفر و در نگاره طهماسبي 28 نفر به همراه تصوير دو ديو مي‌باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the important and mythical characters of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is Jamshid. In the Baysonqor’s and Tahmasp’s Shahnameh, a scene attributed to Jamshid is illustrated. Jamshid’s kingdom miniature in Baysonqor’s Shahnameh and Jamshid’s court miniature in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh are both visual representations of the content of Jamshid's kingdom and its king functions. The importance of the common theme in both of the Shahnameh paintings has led to the necessity of a comparative study. The purpose of this research is to identify how Jamshid's personality is represented in the Jamshid’s kingdom miniature in Baysonqor’s Shahnameh and Jamshid’s court miniature in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh and to understand the similarities and differences between Jamshid's personality and illustration type of two miniatures. The study addressed these questions: 1- How is Jamshid's personality represented in Baysonqor’s and Tahmasp’s Shahnameh miniatures and what are the features? 2- What cultural, political and social factors have led to more and more detailed and precise in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh painting than Baysonqor’s Shahnameh? In this research, library information and documentary data have been studied with descriptive-analytical and comparative approach and the research results show that more details and visual elements are illustrated in the Jamshid’s court miniature in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh compared to the Jamshid’s kingdom miniature in Baysonqor’s Shahnameh. Also Jamshid’s government in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh is illustrated authoritative, powerfully, luxurious and excellent and also the number of human elements in Baysonqor’s Shahnameh miniature is 15 and in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh miniature is 28 and the image of two demons. Also, the focus of the two paintings is dedicated to Jamshid's character. But the clothes and throne of Jamshid in Baysonqor’s painting are simpler than Tahmasp’s Shahnameh and have less decorations. Even the difference between Jamshid's clothes and other people in Tahmasp’s painting is very noticeable. The king wears a magnificent crown and a robe full of motifs and the throne, which is guarded by two demons and adorned with large elephants at the base, added to his royal power. Meanwhile, Jamshid's dress is simple in Baysonqor’s painting and the king's character is known only from his throne. Also, in Baysonqor’s Shahnameh, Jamshid is illustrated with a glove in his hand and exchanging birds of prey with his attendant, which shows the symbol of the hunt of this king and on the other hand, his Charisma (Farreh Izadi) and in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh Jamshid is shown drinking and drinking shows the characteristics of having fun, increasing blessings, well-being and comfort during the Jamshid era. The space around Jamshid king is illustrated in the painting of Baysonqor’s Shahnameh as a free space, while Jamshid is depicted in the painting of Tahmasp’s Shahnameh inside the royal palace and more details of the king's actions are illustrated with visual expressions. It should be noted that the method of visual expression in Tahmasp’s Shahnameh is a more accurate representation of Jamshid to the viewers, which is more correspond to the text of Shahnameh poems.
