نشانگرهاي زمان – دما به عنوان بسته‌بندي‌هاي هوشمند در صنايع غذايي: انواع، مكانيسم عمل و كاربردها

Time-Temperature Indicators as Intelligent Packaging Features in the Food Industry: Types, Operation Mechanisms and Applications

اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫـ ﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و اراﺋـﻪ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت از ﻣﺤـ ﯿﻂ داﺧﻞ و ﺑﯿﺮون ﻣﺎده ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﻫﺸﺪار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي زﻣـﺎن - دﻣـﺎ ﯾﮑـ ﯽ از اﻧـﻮاع ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻮاردي ﮐﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻧﯿﺎز دارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ، ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮاورده ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻟﺒﻨﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﻔـﻆ زﻧﺠ ﯿـ ﺮه ﺳـﺮﻣﺎ ﻧ ﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ اﺳـﺖ و ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫ ﺎي زﻣﺎن- دﻣﺎ ﻗﺎدر ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ در ﻃﯽ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي زﻣﺎن- دﻣﺎ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ دارﻧﺪ و ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎز وﮐﺎر ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و اراﺋﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، اﻗﺪام ﻣـ ﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ . در اﯾـ ﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﻣﺮوري، اﻧﻮاع ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي زﻣﺎن- دﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎز وﮐﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﺷﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ در ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Nowadays, with the increasing consumer awareness and tendency to use safe food products, the food producers consider using novel packaging systems more than ever. Intelligent packaging is one of the novel packaging systems that informs the consumer about the freshness and quality of packaged food by gathering and presenting information from inside and outside the food package. Time-temperature indicators are one type of intelligent packaging systems which are used when special temperature conditions are required for food preservation. The transport and supply of meat and dairy products need the cold-chain supply. Time-temperature indicators are able to report the application of cold-chain during the transportation and sale of such food products. There are different types of time-temperature indicators and each of them operates with different mechanisms. In this review paper, various types of time-temperature indicators have been introduced and their operation mechanism as well as their application as intelligent packaging of different foods has been discussed.