ارزيابي استفاده از مواد باز دارنده آتش و كاربرد آن درمقاوم به شعله كاغذ هاي بسته بندي

Evaluation of the use of fire retardants and its application in flame retardant packaging papers

ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرﯾﺪ ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﯽ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ، ﭘﮑﺘﯿﻦ و ﻟﯿﮕﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺳﻮزﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه آﺗﺶ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻮراﮐﺲ )BX(، اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻮرﯾﮏ )(BA، آﻟﻔﺎ اﯾﮑﺲ )alpha-x (AX و آﻣﻮﻧﯿﻮم ﭘﻠﯽ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت )APP( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه آﺗﺶ5 )FR( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎﻗﯿﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﯾﺎ زﻏﺎل ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ از ﻣﻮاد در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ. FR داراي ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ذوب ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﺸﻪ اي ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺧﻮﺑﯽ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ، زﯾﺮا ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺳﺪ زﻏﺎﻟﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺛﺮ رﻗﯿﻖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه آﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎك را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﻞ زﻏﺎل ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد. ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻫﺎﻟﻮژن و ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺗﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﻮاص واﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ آﺗﺶ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اوﻟﯽ، دوﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎرﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و اﯾﻤﻦ ﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ، زﯾﺮا ﻫﯿﭻ ﮔﺎز ﺳﻤﯽ در ﻃﯽ اﺣﺘﺮاق آن ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose that is usually combined with hemicellulose, pectin and lignin. These organic materials are highly flammable, so traditional papers are highly flammable and burn easily. The aim of this study was to comprehensively introduce the use of fire retardant chemicals including borax (BX), boric acid (BA), alpha-x (AX) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a fire retardant Used. The use of these compounds can increase the residue or charcoal and act as a thermal barrier to protect the material from external heat and prevent further combustion. FR has a relatively low melting point and forms glassy layers. Flame retardants containing phosphorus and nitrogen show excellent ignition resistance, as phosphorus accelerates the formation of a coal barrier against combustion, and nitrogen can enhance the diluting effect of ammonia. The presence of a flame retardant generally affects the process of thermal degradation of cellulose by increasing the total residual coal. Halogen and fire retardants are used commercially to improve the thermal insulation properties of fire retardants. Compared to the former, the latter is more environmentally friendly and safer because no toxic gases are produced during combustion.