رديابي بسته‌بندي‌ در زنجيره تأمين بر پايه فناوري اينترنت‌اشياء و بلاك‌چين

Tracing of Packages in Supply Chain Based on IoT and Blockchain Technologies

اﻣﺮوزه اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽ آﯾﻨﺪ ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ دﺳﺘﺨﻮش آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮو ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء و ﺑﻼك ﭼﯿﻦ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻧﻬﺎدﻧﺪ. اﺷﯿﺎء ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )دﻣﺎ، رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮه( ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء، ﻓﻨﺎوري ﭼﺎپ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ را ﺣﯿﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي، ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ، ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوﺷﯽ و ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ دﻫﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن ردﯾـﺎﺑﯽ و رﻫﮕﯿـﺮي ﮐﻨـﺪ . ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺗﺠﺎري ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﻮد از اﯾـﻦ رو ﻓﻨـﺎوري ﺑـﻼ ك ﭼـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺮاي ﺛﺒـﺖ، رﻫﮕﯿـﺮي، و ﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺻﺤﯿﺢ در ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺪأ )راﯾﺎﻧﻪ( ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﺮس ﺗﻤﺎم اﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺑﻼك ﭼﯿﻦ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﮐﺎري ﺑـﺎﻻ اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻮاﯾﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺴﺎد و ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت، ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﻘﻠﺐ و دﺳﺖ ﮐﺎري ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﺷـﺪه، ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺗﺠﺎري ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، و ﻓﺮاﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت آﻟﻮده ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـ ﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ ﻓﻨـﺎوري ﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ ﺑﻼك ﭼﯿﻦ و اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء ﺑﺮاي ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ و رﻫﮕﯿﺮي ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي در زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Nowadays, safety is one of the most important principles in food industry and consumer preference. Regarding this issue, packaging units and transport industry are among the most critical points because food products can be contaminated easily by environmental factors. For this purpose, cutting edge technologies such as IoT (Internet of things) and blockchain are emerged. Smart things equipped with different sensors (temperature, humidity, location and etc.) can be created by using IoT, digital printing technologies and internet connection therefore safety management system can track and trace food products during packaging, transportation, retailing and consumer service. Usually data of transactions are susceptible to alteration so blockchain technology was introduced to record, track, and display accurate information in multiple nodes (computers) for all members' access. Blockchain technology makes a radically transparent environment with different advantages such as minimizing food spoilage and wastage, inhibition of fraud and tampering of packages, certifying organic and fair-trade origins of products, and recalling of contaminated products. This paper introduces the IoT and blockchain based technologies for tracking and tracing of packages in food supply chain.