مروري بر فناوري هاي نوين در كنترل حرارت غيرفعال تاسواره ها

A Review of New Technologies in Passive Thermal Control for CubeSats

ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺟﺰاي ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهﻫﺎ و ﻓﻀﺎﭘﯿﻤﺎﻫﺎ داراي داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ از درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺠﺎز ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و ﺑﻘﺎي زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺮآورده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮه دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺣﺮارت ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل، ﻧﯿﺎزي ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮان اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﻧﺪارد، از اﯾﻦ رو، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺣﺮارت ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﮐﻢﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ، داراي ﺣﺠﻢﮐﻢ، وزن ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﺑﺪون رﯾﺴﮏ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺳﻮارهﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. اﻣﺮوزه، ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺳﭙﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي، ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺧﻢﺷﻮﻧﺪه، رادﯾﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻧﺪه، ﮐﺮﮐﺮهﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ، رادﯾﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ، واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ و ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺮوﻟﯿﺘﯿﮏ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺣﺮارت ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎ و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺣﺮارت ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﺎﺳﻮارهﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

Most spacecraft components have a specific allowable temperature limit that must be met for optimal operation and subsystem survival. The adjustment of this temperature range is made by various active and passive thermal management techniques. Passive thermal control methods do not consume satellite electrical power; meanwhile they are low cost, low volume, lightweight, efficient, and operationally risk-free. Hence, space system designers find them particularly appropriate, especially for small systems such as CubeSats. In addition to conventional thermal management tools, revolutionary technologies such as sunshields, flat bendable heat pipes, deployable radiators, thermal louvers, variable emittance radiators, thermal storage units, and pyrolytic graphite film thermal straps have been successfully demonstrated. This paper includes an overview of innovations and achievements in the passive thermal control of CubeSats.