نقش ارتقـاء مشاركت اجتماعي شهروندان بر سرمايه اجتماعي پليس شهرستان ساري

The role of promoting citizens' social participation on the social capital of Sari police

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ در ﺟﻮاﻣـﻊ ﺟﻬـﺎن ﺳـﻮم ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻗﻬﺮ آﻣﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ: اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻏﻢ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﻮﺻـﻮل ﺑـﻮدن اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ از اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻮع، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و دوام آن ﮐﻢ و ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ. ﺛﺒﺎت وﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از رﻫﮕﺬر ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ ﮐـﺮدن آن درﯾـﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ در ﻗﺒﺎل اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد . ﻫـﺪف از اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ اﺳﺖ. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮب ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد . ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ از اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎدات اﺣﻤﺪي ﺑﺠﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ )1393( و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳـﯿﻠﻪ اﺳـﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺘـﺮم ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ 0/91 و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ 0/78 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ، ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿـﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري ﺑﯿﻦ 18 ﺗﺎ 35 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 347000 ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل ﮐـﻮﮐﺮان ؛ 384 ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ داده ﻫـﺎي ﺣﺎﺻـﻠﻪ از اﺑﺰارﻫـﺎي اﻧـﺪازه ﮔﯿـﺮي از ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار spss و ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن، رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن و آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: آزﻣﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي آن ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ اﺛـﺮ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس آزﻣـﻮن ﻓﺮﯾـﺪﻣﻦ ، ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ذﻫﻨـﯽ ﺑﺎﺿـﺮﯾﺐ 1/60 در اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ اول ﻗﺮاردارد، در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺪه دارد و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ 1/40 در رﺗﺒﻪ دوم ﻗﺮار دارد در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ رﺳﻤﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮ رﺳﻤﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺎن ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

Although one of the most common methods of providing social security in Third World societies is the use of coercive factors: experience has shown that despite the rapid availability of this type of security, its stability and durability are low and insignificant. The stability and stability of security can only be achieved by institutionalizing it in a society with a sense of participation and public responsibility for social security. The purpose of this study is the role of promoting citizens' social participation in the social capital of the police. Method: The present study is a correlation in terms of applied purpose and in terms of descriptive research method. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaire of social participation Sadat Ahmadi Bajestani (2014) and the standard questionnaire of social capital were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula for the social participation questionnaire of 0.91 and the social capital questionnaire of 0.78, respectively. The statistical population of this study included all citizens of Sari city, 347,000, which is a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula; 384 people. In order to inferentially analyze the data, SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used. Results: The test shows that social participation and its components have a positive and significant effect on social capital. Also, according to Friedman test, mental responsibility with a coefficient of 1.60 is in the first priority, as a result, it has the greatest effect on social capital and objective responsibility with a coefficient of 1.40 is in the second priority, thus having the least effect on social capital in citizens Results: The higher the level of social participation in the formal and informal level of society, the greater the amount of social capital.