ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و وﺿﻌﯽ: د و ﮐﻠﯿﺪ واژه ي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در ادﺑﯿﺎت اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽ

Social prevention and status are two basic keywords in law enforcement literature

ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﺟﺮم، راﻫﺒﺮدي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن آن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﺗﻮام ﺑﺎ رﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ از ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از آن ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از رﻫﮕﺬر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﮐﺮد، در ﺗﻼش اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، از وﺟﻮه ﺑﺰه ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻗﺪام ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎري ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه داﺷﺘﻪ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪهاي از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را درﺑﺮﺑﮕﯿﺮد و ﻗﺒﻞ از وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و وﺿﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺻﻮل اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﮕﺬارد ﺗﺎ از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺧﻮد، ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر اﻧﮕﯿﺰﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎراﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻫﯿﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﻬﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﻬﺎي ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﻓﺮد ﮐﻪ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ - ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﻘﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ و داراي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﮕﺬارد. اﯾﻦ روش ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺟﺮم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ، ﺳﻌﯽ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﻓﺮاد، ﻣﺴﮑﻦ، ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻬﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ و... دارد ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و اﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮادي ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و اﻣﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

Social crime prevention is a strategy in which preventive programs are implemented that recognize the fundamental cultural, economic and social rights of citizens. This type of prevention, which can also be interpreted as prevention through social development, seeks to prevent crime by establishing social justice. In general, preventive measures are measures whose main purpose is to take effective action against the factors and processes that cause delinquency. These measures should play a decisive role and be collective measures in the sense that they cover a large part of society and are committed before a crime occurs. The purpose of this study is to study social and situational prevention as one of the basic principles in crime prevention. The research was conducted in an analytical-descriptive manner and various sources were used to collect information. As a result, social prevention directly and indirectly affects the personality of individuals to avoid organizing their activities around the axis of criminal motives. Social prevention is a set of preventive measures that affect all the environments around the individual that are involved in the socialization process and have a social function. This crime prevention method, focusing on complementary programs, tries to improve the health of family life, education and training of people, housing, job opportunities and leisure, etc. to create a healthy and safe environment with healthy and safe people.