چگونگي شكل گيري شخصيت كارآفرين با رهيافت نظريۀ زمينه‌اي

Exploring Entrepreneurial Personality Formation using Grounded Theory Approach

اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي و شناخت شرايط به وجود آمده براي رسيدن فرد به كارآفريني با تأكيد بر منش و ميدان اجتماعي انجام ‌شد. پژوهش حاضر در صدد بود تا با استفاده از راهبرد نظريۀ زمينه ­اي، مدل پارادايمي كارآفريني را در جامعۀ هدف خود ترسيم نمايد، جامعه هدف كليه كارآفريناني بودند كه به­ عنوان شركت دانش­بنيان به ثبت رسيده‌اند. تعداد شركت­ هاي دانش ­بنيان، 53 مورد در خراسان رضوي مي ­باشد، شيوه نمونه‌­گيري اشباع نظري و تعداد كارآفرينان نمونه تحقيق، 20 بودند. در جمع‌آوري داده‌ها از تكنيك مصاحبه عميق استفاده ‌شد؛ كارآفرين با تربيت در خانوادة دموكراتيك و قرار گرفتن در نظام استاد- شاگردي و شكل‌گيري منش سازنده، ظرفيت ­هايي را به دست مي­ آورد كه به­ عنوان كارآفرين بالقوه شناخته مي‌شود، او از استراتژي­ هاي مهارت ديدن اثربخش، مهارت شنيدن اثربخش، مهارت حل مسئله و دلبستگي خودانگيخته بهره مي­گيرد از اين رو تصميم به بازانديشي هويت شخصي خود مي­ گيرد. بعد از كسب افتخارات و توليد شغل، احساس نارضايتي از شرايط دروني و بيروني خود مي‌كند و پيوسته در حال بازانديشي هويتي خود است.

The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the conditions created for the individuals to achieve entrepreneurship with emphasis on habitus and social champs. It aimed to draw a paradigm model of entrepreneurship in its target community using the underlying theory strategy. The target population was all entrepreneurs who were registered as knowledge-based companies. The number of knowledge-based companies is fifty three in Khorasan Razavi. The number of entrepreneurs in the research sample were twenty. In-depth interviewing technique was used for collecting data. The entrepreneur is placed in various fields of education and many thinkers consider them fields of professional experience. These fields are considered as sources of entrepreneurial identification and form their constructive character. Entrepreneurs seek relationships more than anyone else. They occupy positions that are more advantageous to them compared to others, and they seize potential opportunities before others. Entrepreneurial identity is not a “given” thing, but is built on a regular basis. Entrepreneurs rethink their identity. After gaining honors and creating a job, entrepreneurs feel short-term satisfaction, and after that, they feel dissatisfied with their internal and external conditions, and again they try to make changes in the conditions. That is, actors (entrepreneurs), in a seemingly dead-end situation, decide to change the situation individually and spontaneously or by exchanging opinions with those around them. Entrepreneurs are always more likely to fail. The constant changes that cause confusion and tension in all aspects of work complicate this uncertainty. Entrepreneurs are involved in the important process of discovering and using entrepreneurial opportunities. Taking advantage of the opportunity is the key to building a successful business. The flourish of business would be entrepreneurial passion for development, the fluidity of modernity and the excitement that arises from such ambiguity.