مطالعه جامعه شناسي اوباشگري در جامعه و عوامل موثر برآن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑﺎﻻي 18 ﺳﺎل ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي

A study of the sociology of mobility in society and the factors affecting it

اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮي،رﻓﺘﺎري ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎر در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ زدن ﻧﻈﻢ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ رﻋﺐ و وﺣﺸﺖ،ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﻣﻮال ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ،ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮي، ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮي ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﺖ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روﯾﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻣﺤﻮر،راﻫﺒﺮد روﺷﯽ، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ازﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑﺎﻻي 18 ﺳﺎل از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ650 ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ.ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آزﻣﻮن آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/741 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ روﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ.ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان)61 درﺻﺪ( ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻓﺮادي ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎر در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ و دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ از ﻃﺮق اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺳﻠﺒﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ از اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ.ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺘﺎي رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺳﻠﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در ﺣﺪود23 درﺻﺪ؛و ﺗﺘﻮي ﺑﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﺖ در ﺣﺪود32درﺻﺪ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ را ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ.در ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﺖ؛ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﺘﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ رﻋﺐ و وﺣﺸﺖ، ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﻣﻮال ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي و اﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮي ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺿﺪارزش ﻫﺎ وﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد؛و در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺳﻠﺒﯽ در ﻋﺪم ﺷﯿﻮع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮاﻧﻪ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﻧﻈﻢ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.ﻟﺬا از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ اﻗﺪام ﭘﮋوﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر درﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻦ،آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﻣﻨﯿﺖ و ﻧﻈﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار را ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ.

Hooliganism, as an abnormal behavior, intends to disrupt order and security through intimidation, terror, destruction of public property, and so on. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective and predictable variables on mobility, relying on the theoretical approach of agency and structure.Based on the quantitative approach, the methodological strategy was descriptive-explanatory survey; and using a researcher-made questionnaire among citizens over 18 years of age, simple random sampling was used and 650 respondents were selected to collect information. The reliability of Cronbach's alpha test is 0.741, which indicates an upward average validity coefficient.More than half of the respondents (61percent) agreed that thugs are considered a threat to public safety as abnormal people in society. Satisfaction with the organizational performance of the police and the judiciary in dealing with this group of average people has been high. Based on regression beta, organizational performance predicted negative security measures as structural variables at about 23%; and body tattoos as agency variables at about 32% of the dependent variables.In the discussion of agency, the variable of tattooing on the body is considered as an abnormal behavior leading to the consequences of panic, destruction of public property, insecurity in cyberspace and feelings of anxiety; an‎d in the discussion of structure, organizational performance and negative security measures in the absence of the spread of gang behavior in society has led to the establishment of order and security, which is next. Therefore, through the action-oriented measures of community-based police in solving the problems of marginalized neighborhoods, public education and public participation with the cooperation of other organizations, security and lasting order can be promoted