ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ در آﺛﺎر ادﺑﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ رﺣﯿﻤﯽ

Investigation and analysis of the reflection of existentialist ideas in the literary and cultural works of Mostafa Rahimi

اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﮑﺘﺐﻫـﺎي ﻓﮑـﺮي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔـﺬار ﺑـﺮ اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺣـﺎﮐﻢ ﺑـﺮ ادﺑﯿـﺎت داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺮان در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي 40 و 50 و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ در آن دوران و اﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ و ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮ و ﻫـﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿـﺖ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ و ارﺗﺒـﺎط وﯾـﮋه ي آن ﺑـﺎ ادﺑﯿـﺎت، ﻣﻮﺟﺒـﺎت ﮔـﺮاﯾﺶ روﺷـﻨﻔﮑﺮان و ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮد و در ﭘﯽ آن آﺛـﺎري ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺎﻫﯿﺘﯽ اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴـﺘﯽ ﯾـﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ از آن ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ و ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸـﺎن دادن ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي آﺛﺎر دورهي ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه از اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آﺛﺎر ﻣﺼـﻄﻔﯽ رﺣﯿﻤـﯽ) 1305 –1381 ش(، ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه و ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ آﺛﺎر ﺳﺎرﺗﺮ در اﯾﺮان، را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮارداد. ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ رﺣﯿﻤـﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر و ﻫﺪفﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫـﺎي اﺻـﻠﯽ ﻓﻠﺴـﻔﻪ ي اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴـﻢ ﭼـﻮن: ﺗﻘـﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، آزادي، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ، واﻧﻬﺎدﮔﯽ، ﭘﻮﭼﯽ، دﻟﻬﺮه و اﺻـﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﺨﺼـﯽ ﯾـﺎ اﺧﻼق اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ، در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘـﺬﯾﺮي او از اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. روش اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ اﺳـﺖ و ﺣﻮزهي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪي آن در رﻣﺎن » اﺗﻬﺎم«، ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي » ﺗﯿﺎﻟﻪ«و » آﻧﺎﻫﯿﺘﺎ«و ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪاي از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت » دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎ«از آﺛﺎر ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ رﺣﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ.

Existentialism has been one of the influential schools of thought on the ideas that dominate the fictional literature of Iran in the 1340s and 1350s. The political and social conditions of the society at that time and the feeling of the need to change and apply new ideas as well as the nature of the school of existentialism and its special connection with literature, caused the tendency of intellectuals and writers to this philosophy. This article examined some of the works of Mostafa Rahimi (1305- 1381), author and translator of Sartre's works in Iran, to show how the works of the mentioned period were influenced by existentialist ideas. Rahimi emphasizes on the frequent and purposeful use of the main components of the philosophy of existentialism such as: primacy of existence, freedom, choice, responsibility, abandonment, emptiness, apprehension and personal originality or existentialist ethics and attention to committed literature in the selected works of this study. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the field of study in that novel is Accusation, plays Tiala and Anahita and an article from the collection of articles Perspectives by Mostafa Rahimi