بازتعريف گفتمان توسعه پايدار در تطابق با نظريه ي جهاني شدن انعطاف پذير

Redefining the Discourse of Sustainable Development in Compliance with the Globalization Flexibility Theory

از دﻫﻪ 1980 ﻣﯿﻼدي ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻧﺸﺮ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪي ﻧﺌﻮﻟﯿﺒﺮاﻟﯿﺴﻢ، دﻧﯿﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي در ﭘﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻪي ارﮐﺎن زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﻣﺨـﺎﻃ ﺮاﺗﯽ را در ﻧﺤﻮه ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺧﻮد ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺣـﻮز ه ﯾـﮏ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪه ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭼﺮﺧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي داﻧﺶ، اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت و ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟـﻮژي از ﯾﮑﺴـ ﻮ و ﻧﯿﺮوﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ، ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫـﺎي دروﻧـﯽ )ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪﮔﯽ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ( و ﻧﯿﺮ وﻫـﺎي ﺑﯿﺮوﻧـﯽ )ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ و ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﯽ( از ﺳﻮﯾﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ و در راﺳـﺘﺎي ﺗﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ رﻗﺎﺑـﺖ ﺷـﻬﺮي رخ ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ. اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮات، آﺷـﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﻫـﺎ و اﺧﺘﻼﻻﺗﯽ را در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎي ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪ ه ﺷـﻬﺮي وارد ﮐـﺮده ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﻋﺼـﺮ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ و ﺗﺠﻠـ ﯽ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽﺷﺪن ﺷﺪت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﺳﺎﺳﯽ را در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣـﻞ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ اﯾﺠـﺎب ﮐـﺮده اﺳـﺖ . در اﯾـﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي در دﻫﻪ 80-70 ﻣﯿﻼدي ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ اي از ﺑﺤﺮانﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ را در ﭘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ، ﮐﺎرﺳﺎز ﻧﺒﻮده و ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺎزاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ در ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﯾـﺰي را ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات و آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﭘـﯽ داﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ . ﻧﺘﯿﺠـ ﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺎزاﻧﺪﯾﺸـﯽ، ﭘـﺎراداﯾﻢ اﻧﻌ ﻄـﺎف ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﭘﺴﺎﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي آﻏﺎزﯾﻦ ﻗﺮن 21 ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾـﻦ ﭼﮑﯿـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان رواﯾﺘـﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـ ﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ اﺟﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ روز دﻧﯿﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪي اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ آﻏﺎز ﻗﺮن 21، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دو ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﻔﻬﻮم رﻗﺎﺑﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري، ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. اﯾﻦ رواﯾﺖ در ﺳﻪﮔﺎم اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﺰﺑـﻮر و ﻣﯿـ ﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﮔﻔﺘﻤـﺎ ن ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. در ﮔﺎم ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﭼﺸﻢاﻧـﺪاز ﺷـﻬﺮ در ﻋﺼـﺮ ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ ﺷـﺪن ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـ ﻪي ﺗﺼـﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﺸـﺮدﮔﯽ ﻓﻀـﺎ و زﻣـﺎن )ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽﺷﺪن ﭘﺴﺎﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺴﻢ( ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ آن ﭼﺮﺧﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ و روﯾﮑﺮد رﻗﺎﺑـﺖ ﺷـﻬ ﺮي ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﮔﺎم دوم، ﮔﻔﺘﻤـﺎن ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري و ﺳـﯿ ﺮ ﺗﮑـﺎﻣﻠﯽ آن در راﺳـﺘ ﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و اﺟﺰاي آن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿـ ﺮد. در ﮔـﺎم ﺳـ ﻮم ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪي، ﺑﺎ روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاجﺷﺪه در دو ﮔﺎم ﭘﯿﺸـﯿﻦ، ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎري و ﺗﻄـﺎﺑﻖ در ﻋﺼـﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ و ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد.

Since 1980s, urban activities have endeavored to increase market economic in all global aspects, especially in urban life based on the idea of Neoliberalism and so increasing some risks their main systems performance. The risks that happen in a complex system are influenced by two items: 1) modern cycles, including knowledge, information and technology; and 2) effective forces, including internal forces (complexity and solidarity) and external forces (Sprawl and intensity). These items are affected by urban competition in globalization process. Inconsistency between these items has caused some other risks and damages to economic, social and ecological aspects. This condition makes decision makers and planners to shift planning paradigm from critical thought to flexible thought in postmodern age. This article as a narrative overview of the urban world conditions, emphasizes on flexibility theory of the 21st century beginning, based on two axes: flexible globalization and sustainable development discourse. The article recognizes the concepts of sustainability and the burdened impact of flexible theory in three main steps. In the first step, the city vision in the age of globalization was explained, as compression of space and time in flexible postmodern, which is followed by analyzing two main parameters: cycles and forces in urban competition context to produce and reproduce space. In the second step, the discourse of sustainability and its elements are studied to compare the paradigm of flexibility. In the third step and as conclusion with a comparative study, these two concepts in the present age are compared.