افزايش پايداري فضاهاي اقامتي سالمندان بر اساس ارتقاء كيفي قرارگاه هاي رفتاري (نمونه موردي: خانه سالمندان شهرستان گلپايگان)

Enhancement of sustainability in Elderly Residential Spaces Based on Increasing Quality of Behavior Settings (Case Study: Golpayegan Nursing Home)

در دورهي ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪواﺳﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﻓﻦآوري از ﯾﮏﺳﻮ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ در ﺳـﻨﯿﻦ ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي رو ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. آﻧﭽﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺪان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﮐﺮدن زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺬراﻧﺪن اﯾـﻦ دوره از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻫﻪ اﺳﺖ. دوران ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ دﯾﮕﺮ دورهﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺧﻮد را دارد و ازاﯾﻦرو ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ازآﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒـﺪ رﻓﺘـﺎر و رﻓﺘـﺎر ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ را ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ارزشﻫﺎ، ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ذﻫﻨﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﺪﯾـﺪ ﻣـﯽ آﯾـﺪ. ﻫـﺮ رﻓﺘـﺎر ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺎه رﻓﺘﺎري و ﻇﺮف ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻇﻬﻮر ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﺑـﺮ اﯾـﻦ اﺳـﺎس ، زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ ﮐـﺮدن و ﺣﻀـﻮر داﺷﺘﻦ در ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان آنﻫﺎ را در ﺑﺮآورده ﺷﺪن ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ آراﻣﺶ و آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﯾﺎري ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻗﺮارﮔﺎهﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد زﯾﺮا اﺻﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺴﺎن آﺧﺮﯾﻦ و ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺻﻞ از ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار اﺳـﺖ. اﯾـﻦ اﺻـﻞ رﯾﺸـﻪ در ﻧﯿﺎزﻫـﺎﯾﯽ دارد ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﺣﻔـﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ زﻧﺠﯿـﺮه اي اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آنﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻘﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن را ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺟﻮه ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ- رﻓﺘﺎر در ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺎهﻫﺎي رﻓﺘـﺎري اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و در ﭘﺎﯾـﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي آنﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ دوره از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

Today, due to the medical science and technology progress and also population control, elderly population density is on the rise. What is now considered to be is not only prolong the life of elderly people, but also how to spend and increase the quality of life in this period. Old age period like any other period of human life has needs and characteristics of its own, and thus the elderly does the appropriate behavior to respond to these needs. Since the physical environment and behavior shape each other and environment compatibility is are caused by values, meanings of the human mind and capabilities of environment, each behavior requires an appropriate physical and behavior setting to more qualitative behavior emerge. This leaving and elders in a suitable place, helps them meeting their needs and improving the quality of life and achievement to calm and comfort. Behavioral setting improvement leads to increased environmental sustainability, because human design principle is the last and perhaps most important principle of sustainable architecture. This principle is rooted in the requirements that are necessary for the preservation of the ecosystem chain which in turn ensures their survival. This study is set to find behavioral capability aspects of human and environmental compatibility through study on structure of the built environment and the behaviors adequate with needs and motivation of the elderly. The results of this review will lead to qualitative improvement of behavioral settings that are effective in improving environmental sustainability. To achieve this purpose, it will be benefited the library and field studies, including observations and interviews. Finally, based on the research findings, some solutions for designing elderly suitable spaces according to their needs in this period of life will be offered.