مقايسه نظريه ذهن عاطفي، قضاوت اخلاقي، حافظه فعال و انعطاف پذيري شناختي در افراد با مصرف مواد و افراد عادي

Comparison of Affective Theory of Mind, Moral Judgment, Working Memory, and Cognitive Flexibility in Individuals with Substance Use and Normal Individuals

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ذﻫﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ، ﻗﻀﺎوت اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻮاد و اﻓﺮاد ﻋﺎدي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﻠﯽ-ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺮدان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﺮك اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ در ﺳﺎل 1398 و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻋﺎدي از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 160ﻣﺮد ) 80ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻮاد و 80ﻧﻔﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﻋﺎدي( ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آزﻣﻮن ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ذﻫﻦ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭼﺸﻢ، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، آزﻣﻮن ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪي اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد داراي اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺪر و اﻓﺮاد ﻋﺎدي در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ذﻫﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ، ﻗﻀﺎوت اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﮔﺮوه ﻋﺎدي ﻧﻤﺮات ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻮاد ﮐﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ذﻫﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ، ﻗﻀﺎوت اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در اﻓﺮاد داراي اﺧﺘﻼل ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻘﺺ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي آن ﻫﺎ در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﺸﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و اﻓﺮاد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

The present study was conducted to compare the affective theory of mind, moral judgment, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in individuals with substance use and normal individuals. Method: The method of the present study was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all men who referred to addiction treatment centers in Tabriz in 2019 as well as normal individuals among the residents of Tabriz. The study sample consisted of 160 men (80 substance users and 80 normal individuals) who were selected by purposive sampling. Research tools included the mind in the eyes test, the personal and impersonal moral stories scale, the working memory test, and the cognitive flexibility inventory. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between substance users and normal individuals in the affective theory of mind, moral judgment, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, so that individuals in the normal group scored higher than those in the substance user group. Conclusion: It seems that malfunctions in the components of the affective theory of mind, moral judgment, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in individuals with substance use disorders cause defects in the process of social cognition and their vulnerability in decision-making, and their interactions with society and individuals.