مقايسه ويژگي‌هاي شخصيتي و كاركردهاي اجرايي (بازداري و تصميم‌گيري) در افراد موفق و ناموفق در ترك اعتياد

Comparison of Personality Traits and Executive Functions (Inhibition and Decision) in Successful and Unsuccessful Drug Users in Quitting Addiction

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ )ﺑﺎزداري و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي( در اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮﻓﻖ و ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ در ﺗﺮك اﻋﺘﯿﺎد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﻋﻠﯽ- ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺮدان و زﻧﺎن ﻣﻮﻓﻖ و ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ در ﺗﺮك اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد )ﻣﺨﺪر و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ( ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﺮك اﻋﺘﯿﺎد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺮق ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داد. از ﺑﯿﻦ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ-ﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺗﻌﺪاد 110ﻧﻔﺮ ) 55ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ در ﺗﺮك اﻋﺘﯿﺎد و 55ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ در اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮك( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧ ﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ- ﻓُﺮم ﺑﻠﻨﺪ، آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺮو/ﻧﺮو و آزﻣﻮن ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺎدﮐﻨﮑﯽ ﺑﺎرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻓﺮضﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮﻓﻖ و ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ در اﻗﺪام ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮك اﻋﺘﯿﺎد در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد )0/05>p(. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻮﻓﻖ و ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ در اﻗﺪام ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮك ﻣﻮاد از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎزداري ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وﻇﯿﻔﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﯿﺖ، ﮔﺸﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ، روانﻧﮋﻧﺪي و ﺑﺮون ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد )0/05

The present study was conducted to compare personality traits and executive functions (inhibition and decision) in successful and unsuccessful drug users in quitting addiction. Method: This study was a causal-comparative design. Participants were successful and unsuccessful men and women in quitting drug addiction (narcotics and industry) referring to addiction treatment centers in the eastern region of Tehran. Among them, 110 people were selected by convenience sampling method (55 successful in quitting addiction and 55 unsuccessful in quitting). To collect the data, the five personality traits questionnaire - long form, go/do not go test and Bart balloon risk test were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, parameters of parametric tests and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between successful and unsuccessful individuals to quit addiction in decision (p >0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups of successful and unsuccessful individuals in quitting drugs in terms of cognitive inhibition and personality traits including conscientiousness, acceptability, openness to experience, neuroticism and extraversion (p<0.05). As such, successful people in quitting addiction had better performance and efficiency than unsuccessful people in personality traits and cognitive inhibition, but there was no difference between the decision power in the face of the temptation of consumption between the two groups. Conclusion: Executive functions and personality traits play a role in ability of individuals to quit and resist the temptation to consume. Therefore, it is suggested that service providers centers in the field of drugs prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of people in the face of drugs, in addition to the usual proceedings, also pay attention to the personality traits and executive functions of individuals.