بررسي تأثيرپذيري فرسودگي شغلي بر توانمندسازي ساختاري با نقش ميانجي رفتار شهروندي سازماني و نقش تعديلگر جنسيت (مطالعه موردي: اعضاي هيأت علمي دانشگاه‌هاي دولتي ايران)

Investigating the Effect of Structural Empowerment on Burnout with Mediating the Role of Organizational and the Role of Gender Moderator (Case Study:Faculty Members of Iranian Public Universities)

پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسي ميزان تأثيرپذيري فرسودگي شغلي بر توانمندسازي ساختاري با تاكيد بر نقش ميانجي رفتار شهروندي سازماني و نقش تعديلگر جنسيت انجام شد. اين پژوهش از لحاظ هدف كاربردي و از لحاظ روش توصيفي و با رويكرد مدل‌سازي معادلات ساختاري مي‌با‌شد. جامعه آماري تحقيق حاضر كليه اعضاي هيأت علمي وزارت علوم مي‌باشند كه تعداد آنها 18282 نفر است، حجم نمونه آماري با استفاده از فرمول كوكران 515 نفر برآورد و به روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي دومرحله‌اي تصادفي انتخاب شده است. جهت جمع‌آوري اطلاعات از سه پرسش‌نامه، شرايط اثربخشي كيفيت كار -2 لاسچينگر و همكاران (2001)كه توانمند سازي ساختاري و تعديلگر جنسيت را مد نظر قرار داده، رفتار شهروندي لي و آلن (2002) و فرسودگي شغلي ماسلچ (1993)، استفاده شد. جهت تعيين روايي از تحليل عاملي اكتشافي و تحليل عاملي تأييدي استفاده شد و براي سنجش پياپي پرسش‌نامه‌ها نيز از آلفاي كرونباخ بهره گرفته شد. آلفاي كرونباخ سه متغير پژوهش بزرگ‌تر از 0/70 به دست آمد كه مبين سطح پايايي مطلوب پرسش‌نامه‌ها بوده است. براي تحليل داده‌ها از مدل‌سازي معادلات ساختاري و تحليل عاملي تأييدي استفاده گرديده است. نتايج به‌دست‌آمده از اين پژوهش نشان داد، توانمندسازي ساختاري بر فرسودگي شغلي تأثيري منفي دارد. همچنين نقش ميانجيگري رفتار شهروندي سازماني در ارتباط توانمندسازي ساختاري با فرسودگي شغلي اعضاي هيأت علمي به تأييد رسيد اما نقش تعديلگري جنسيت در ارتباط توانمندسازي ساختاري با فرسودگي شغلي به تأييد نرسيد.

This research is considered as correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive method. The statistical population of the present study is all faculty members of the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Health, whose number is 18282 people. The statistical sample size was estimated at 515 people using the Cochran formula and was selected by two-stage random cluster sampling. To collect structural empowerment information from the questionnaire, Effectiveness conditions of work quality, Organizational Citizenship Behavior of the Questionnaire, Lee and Allen Citizenship Behavior of the Questionnaire, Musclech Burnout, Use in addition to content validity, structural validity was used and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha was obtained for structural empowerment equal to 0.88, organizational citizenship behavior equal to 0.89 and burnout equal to 0.90 which indicated the desired level of reliability of the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis have been used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that structural empowerment has a negative effect on burnout. The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in relation to structural empowerment and faculty burnout was also confirmed. But the role of gender adjustment in the relationship between structural empowerment and burnout was not confirmed. Introduction Since human resources are one of the most important pillars of organizations and individual employees are involved in the development and progress of organizations. Human resource management is a term used to describe a wide range of activities and refers to the responsibility of managers to equip the organization with capable employees and ensure the desirability of using their talents. Organizations have motivated, hard-working, and satisfied human resources when they provide the conditions for employees to use their abilities and capabilities in the organization properly for organizational goals and consider their job important. Case study This study aims to study the effect of structural empowerment on burnout and to reveal the role that organizational citizenship behavior and gender play as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between these two variables. Materials and Methods In this research, the sample size is 515 people from Iran, a total of 580 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents selected by two-stage randomsized cluster sampling and 520 questionnaires were collected. Measurement tools of this research were three standard questionnaires whose validity and permanence were confirmed in the tests. Discussion and Results The results of structural equation modeling showed that the effect of structural empowerment on burnout is negative and significant. The role of organizational citizenship behavior as a mediator in the relationship between structural empowerment and burnout of male and female faculty members was confirmed. But, the role of gender of faculty members as moderators in the relationship between structural empowerment through organizational citizenship behavior was not confirmed. Conclusion In addition, this research has some practical achievements for Iranian state universities. From an operational point of view, an understanding of the status of research variables and the relationships between them is provided; which can be the basis of planning for state university chancellor to increase the level of structural empowerment of faculty members in Iranian state universities. Based on the findings of this research, in this planning, the organizational citizenship behavior of faculty members and reducing the level of implementation of burnout components by managers should be considered.