مكانيزم حل و فصل اختلافات داخلي و بين‌المللي بانكي

Domestic and International Banking Disputes Resolution Mechanism

بر مبناي اهميت تجارت و روابط تجاري در زندگي انسان و رشد اقتصادي جامعه، حقوق تجارت اقدام به تنظيم اين روابط از طريق پيش‌بيني قرارداد‌‌هاي تجاري نموده است. يكي از اشكال اين قرارداد‌‌ها، قرارداد بانكي است كه ماهيت تجارتي خود را با وجود دولتي بودن برخي بانك‌‌ها حفظ كرده است. حل و فصل اختلافات بانكي زماني تنها از طريق محاكم دادگستري انجام مي‌گرديد اما اكنون با غلبه سيستم اقتصاد مبتني بر بازار روش‌هاي جايگزين بيش از پيش مورد استفاده قرار مي‌گيرند. اين مكانيزم‌ها كه به عدالت خصوصي نيز تعبير شده اند مزايايي نسبت به دادرسي سنتي سيستم قضايي دارند كه در راستاي سرعت لازمه تجارت موثرتر واقع مي‌شوند. در عرصه بين‌المللي نيز مسائلي از قبيل تمايل تجار به آگاهي از حقوق و تعهدات خود، درگير نشدن با مقررات و آيين دادرسي پيچيده و ناشناخته محاكم كشورهاي ديگر باعث شده شرط ارجاع به مكانيزم‌هاي حل و فصل در اغلب قراردادهاي تجاري بين‌المللي گنجانده شود. از اينرو، پژوهش حاضر به بررسي اين مكانيزم‌هاي حل و فصل اختلافات اختصاص دارد.

The importance of trade and business relations in human life and the economic growth of society is quite clear and obvious. Commercial law is responsible for regulating these relations through the provision of various commercial contracts. One of the types of these important commercial contracts is the banking contract, which has maintained its commercial nature despite the fact that some banks are stateowned. The settlement of banking disputes was originally subject to general rules and was sometimes proceeded merely by justice courts. But now, with the dominance of the market-based economy system, alternative methods such as arbitration, negotiation, mediation, good office, conciliation and expert advice in the domestic and international arenas are increasingly used for resolving disputes.These mechanisms, which have also been interpreted as private justice, have special advantages and privileges over the traditional judicial system, which are effective in speeding up the settlement of disputes in line with the speed required by business. In the international arena, issues Such as the tendency of traders to be aware of their rights and obligations, the disinclination to engage with the complex and unknown rules and procedures of other countries' courts, and the avoidance of challenges related to conflict-of-laws rules have caused the reference to settlement mechanisms condition in most commercial contracts. Therefore, the present research is dedicated to investigating the mechanisms of resolving domestic and international banking disputes.