تحليل ساختاري روايات شش‌گانۀ (فارسي و كُردي) داستان كُك كوهزاد بر اساس الگوي گريماس

Structural Analysis of Six Narratives (Persian and Kurdish) of Koke Kohzad's Story Based on Greimese’s Model

داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﮏ ﮐﻮﻫﺰاد در زﻣﺮة آﺛﺎر ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﺮوده ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻣﻮشﺷﺪه و ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه اﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪة ﺣﻤﺎﺳﮥ اﯾﺮانزﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﻢ و ﻧﺜﺮ رواﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺷﺶ رواﯾﺖ داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﮏ ﮐﻮﻫﺰاد دو رواﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮم: ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و دﯾﮕﺮي ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﮐُﺮدي و ﭼﻬﺎر رواﯾﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ( را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي ﮔﺮﯾﻤﺎس، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﺎت ﺷﺶ ﮔﺎﻧﮥ ﮐﮏ ﮐﻮﻫﺰاد داراي ﻧﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ رواﯾﺎت ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮﺧﻼف اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﭼﻬﺎر رواﯾﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﮥ ذﻫﻦ و زﺑﺎن ﻣﺮدم ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﺜﺮ رواﯾﺖ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ رواﯾﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮم دارﻧﺪ و ﺟﺰ در ﯾﮑﯽ دو ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺰﺋﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﻮع رواﯾﺖ )ﻣﻨﻈﻮم ﯾﺎ ﻣﻨﺜﻮر/ رﺳﻤﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ( و زﺑﺎن ) ﮐُﺮدي ﯾﺎ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ( در ﻋﺪم ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ رواﯾﺎت ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﯽ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﺤﻮي زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ در رواﯾﺎت ﻣﺬﮐﻮر رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه و از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﺟﺰ در ﯾﮏ رواﯾﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ در رواﯾﺎت ﮐﮏ ﮐﻮﻫﺰاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The story of Koke Kohzad is about the epic works written after the Shahnameh and one of the forgotten or overlooked parts of the Iranian epics that has been narrated in various ways in poetry and prose. In a descriptive-analytical way, this paper studies six narratives of Koke Kohzad's story (two poetic narratives: one in Persian and the other in Kurdish, and four folk narratives) based on the Grimes model. The hexadecimal narratives of Koke Kohzad have a logical structural and content order of epic narratives and, contrary to the expectation of the four folk narratives –they were reproduced and narrated through the oral tradition of general public. They are structured as poetic narratives except in one or two minor cases. The great difference between them is the intentions of the narrator, the type of narration (poetic or proverbial/formal or folk) and language (Persian and Kurdish) failure to comply with these traditions is not effective. Also, the structural aspects of the contrasting pattern, the syntactic structure of the three chains have been observed in the above narratives, and from a functional paradigm, except in a folk narrative, the complete pattern of action can be observed in the Koke Kohzad.