بررسي تطبيقي نشانه شناسي مفهوم «عشق» در مجموعه هاي هواي تازه اثر احمد شاملو و آينه هاي كوچك اثر شيركو بيكس بر اساس نظريۀ رمزگان دانيل چندلر

A Comparative Study of the Concept of Love in Ahmad Shamloo's Fresh Air and Sherko Bekas's Small Mirrors Based on Daniel Chandler's Theory of Cryptography

از دﯾﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﻣﺎ در دﻧﯿﺎﯾﯽ از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻼﻣﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﮐﻼﻣﯽ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ اﻏﺮاض آدﻣﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، اﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﮥ وﺟﻮد رﻣﺰﮔﺎنﻫﺎ، و رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. داﻧﯿﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻟﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ رﻣﺰﮔﺎنﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺎﻧﮥ ﺧﻮد ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ زواﯾﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪي از اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ را ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، اﺣﻤﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻮ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮥ ﻫﻮاي ﺗﺎزه ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻼﻣﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﮐﻼﻣﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﺷﻌﺮ او، ﻋﺸﻖ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﭘﺪﯾﺪهاي ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ آدﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ دارد. در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐُﺮدي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﯿﺮﮐﻮ ﺑﯿﮑﺲ، ﻋﺸﻖ را دﻗﯿﻘﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ رﻣﺰﮔﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳﺮودهﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ در وراي اﺑﻌﺎد رﻣﺰي آن، ﮐﻠﯿﺘﯽ از رواﺑﻂ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ را ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ آن، ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻏﺮاض ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻮ و ﺑﯿﮑﺲ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﭼﻨﺪﻟﺮ اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻮ و ﺑﯿﮑﺲ ﺑﺎ ذﮐﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﺮﯾﺢ و ﺿﻤﻨﯽ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺷﻌﺎر، ﻋﺸﻖ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺪﯾﺪهاي ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌﺪي ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮده و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ را ﺑﺎ آن ﮔﺮه زدهاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮآوري ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﺑﻪ آن ﻧﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، در ﺗﺄوﯾﻠﯽ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺮودهﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪاﺷﺎن در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاي ﺗﺎزه و آﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

From the point of view of semioticians, we live in a world of verbal and non-verbal signs that are effective in conveying and representing human intentions. In semiotics, these signs, which are made meaningful by the existence of cryptocurrencies and causal relations, are examined. Daniel Chandler was able to explain new aspects of this science with his theory of the five cryptocurrencies. In contemporary Persian poetry, Ahmad Shamloo has used many verbal and non-verbal cues in his collection of Fresh Air to explain various concepts, including love. In his poetry, love is not just a physical phenomenon related to human biological characteristics and has various semantic clusters. In Kurdish literature, too, Sherko Bekas uses love precisely as a cryptic concept in his poems, which, beyond its symbolic dimensions, recreates a whole of human, social and even political relations. The reinterpretation of these meanings and the semantics of Shamloo and Bekas intentions is possible through the application of Chandler's theory. The results of the present study show that Shamloo and Bekas, by mentioning explicit and implicit signs in the text of the poems, have introduced love as a multidimensional phenomenon and have linked social, political and cultural issues with it. This innovation, achieved by each of these poets, has been effective in interpreting their love poems in fresh air collections and small mirrors.