نگرشي بر حكميت و آيين خون بس در جرائم زنان در پرتو نظام عدالت كيفري ايران

Approach on mediation and khoon bass in the field of women deliquency in criminal justice system of Iran

از دير بازدر برخي نواحي كشوررسوم مختلفي براي حل و فصل دعاوي استفاده نموده اند، طرقي نظير آيين خون بس، فصل، پتر، ميانجيگري و پرداخت خون بها از شيوه هاي مرسوم در رفع اختلافات بوده اند. امروزه نيز، شاهد هستيم كه در حوزه پاسخ به جرم، و به طور خاص در زمينه بزهكاري زنان، و تلاش جهت استخدام ساز و كارهاي فايده منددر مواجهه با اين مقوله، به علت حساسيت ها، در كنار فرآيند دادرسي كيفري و تعيين مجازات متناسب، حكميت، مجال ظهور پيدا مي كند.لذا«ميانجيگري» به عنوان يكي ازطرق جايگزين كيفردر متون قانوني انعكاس يافته است. اين مكانيسم در صدد است تا با تضمين رودررويي از آثار مخرب «كيفرمحض» كه ميتواند منجر به آسيبهاي جبران ناپذي بر بنيان خانواده گرددجلوگيري كند.لذا اين پرسش قابل طرحست كه در كدام جرم با توجه به اقتضائات بزهكاري زنان قضاياي كيفري را مشمول عدالت ترميمي قرار دهد.در پژوهش حاضر، ضرورت و چالشهاي مختلف تقنيني،در اين خصوص مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتيجتا به نظر مي رسد نظر به بسترهاي موجود و گرايش هاي سنتي اقوام، مي توان با راهكارهايي چون بسط قانون، آموزش مستمر و نظارت بر كنشگران عدالت ترميمي، خواه داوران ياميانجي گران مدلي براي توسل به ميانجيگري در بزهكاري زنان يافت.

Since approving the Criminal Procedure Act in 1392(2013), it was possible to consider mediating as a private and informal approach for resolving criminal conflicts. However, there are several unanswered questions here such as:”What is the impact of mediation on victims and restorative justice?” or “what are the main differences between modern mediation approaches and traditional ones according to restorative justice?” on which this survey focused. This survey is an effort to investigate and analyze the current regulations and procedures by descriptive analyzes and find persuasive answers for these questions. Conflict resolving procedures include those procedures by which the criminal conflicts can be settled out of court and without formal interference. Studies show that even before approving the Criminal Procedure Act in 1392 there were some traditional and non-formal procedures to settle conflicts which mostly accepted by Iranian society and Islamic jurisprudence. In the past, some procedures such as Khoon Bas, Fasl and Petr have been used to settle the criminal conflicts informally in Iran. Additionally, arbitration has been one Islamic to settle the conflicts privately and informally. It is a fact that Iranian legislators consider mediation and arbitration as complementary procedures beside formal approaches to settle the criminal conflicts. This survey suggest that there is low harmony between traditional and non-formal procedures to settle conflicts with some fundamental principles of criminal law such as personalization of criminal liability and punishment and therefore cannot fulfil some measures mentioned in restorative justice and it is a big challenge for these informal procedures. However, the legislator can use these traditional and informal procedures to settle criminal conflicts beside other formal and regulated approaches, of course after paving the way for adapting them with current regulations and promoting the judiciary bodies’ supervision on them.