شرح احوال يوسف ياسَكه، شاعر سدۀ يازدهم (هـ.ق) و رفع شبهاتي دربارۀ داستان زركلاه و يوسف

Introducing Yusuf Yasakah, the Eleventh-Century (AH) Poet and Quelling Misgivings about the Story of “Zarkulah and Yusuf

ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻮﺛﻖﺑﻮدن ﺑﺴـــﯿﺎري از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ادﺑﯽ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻣﺸـــﮑﻼت ﺟﺪي اﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸــﮕﺮان ﺣﻮزة ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻧﮕﺎري ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي ﺑﺎ آن روﺑﻪرو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﺛﺎر زﯾﺎدي از ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﮐُﺮد در ﺳﺪهﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ و اﮐﻨﻮن ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺎم و ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ از اﺷـﻌﺎر آﻧﻬﺎ در دﺳـﺘﺮس اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺎﻗﺼـﯽ درﺑﺎرة آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳـﺖ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد زﯾﺎدي از ﺷـﺎﻋﺮان ﮐﻼﺳـﯿﮏ ﮐُﺮدي ﺳـﺒﮏ ادﺑﯽ ﮔﻮراﻧﯽ. ﺳـﺪة ﯾﺎزدﻫﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي ﻗﻤﺮي ﺷـﺮوع ﯾﮏ ﻧﻬﻀـﺖ ﺷـﻌﺮي ﮐُﺮدي در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ از ﮐﺮدﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ و در اﯾﻦ دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮان زﯾﺎدي ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﮐُﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺮودن ﺷـﻌﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﻮﺳـﻒ ﯾﺎﺳـَ ﮑﻪ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮي از ﻗﺮن ﯾﺎزدﻫﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺸـﺎﺑﻪ اﺳـﻤﯽ او ﺑﺎ ﺷـﺨﺼـﯿﺖ ﯾﻮﺳــﻒ در رواﯾﺘﯽ از ﮐﺘﺎب ﺳــﯿﺮ اﻻﮐﺮاد ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﮕﺮان ﻫﺮدو ﺷـﺨﺼـﯿﺖ را ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺪاﻧﻨﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳـﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ادﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﺷـﺮح اﺣﻮال اﯾﻦ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﭙﺮدازد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻮﺷـﺪ ﺷـﺒﻬﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺧﺼـﻮص ﺗﺸـﺎﺑﻪ اﺳـﻤﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﺨﺼــﯿﺖ ﯾﮑﯽ از رواﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺘﺎب ﺳــﯿﺮ اﻻﮐﺮاد را رﻓﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻧﻮﯾﺴــﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪادي از اﺷـﺎرات ادﺑﯽ در ﺷـﻌﺮ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ و ﻣُﻼ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ ﺑﯿﺴﺎراﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و اﺷﺎراﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻧﺎمﺟﺎيﻫﺎ و ﺗﻌﺪادي اﺳـﻢ ﺧﺎص در ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﻧﺘﺴـﺎب ﯾﻮﺳـﻒ ﯾﺎﺳَﮑﻪ را ﺑﻪ اواﺧﺮ ﺳﺪة ﯾﺎزدﻫﻢ ﻫــ.ق. ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﺷـﻮاﻫﺪ ادﺑﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ روﺷـﻦ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﻮﺳـﻒ داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺘﺎب ﺳﯿﺮ اﻻﮐﺮاد ﻧﺪارد.

The unreliability of many historical and literary sources is one of the serious obstacles facing researchers working on the history and histography of Kurdish literature. Many Kurdish poets’ works have also been lost in the past centuries. There remained only their names and parts of their poems, giving us incomplete information, such as many of the classical poets of the Kurdish Gurani. The 11th century AH was the beginning of a Kurdish poetry movement in large parts of Kurdistan, and at this time there were many poets who wrote in Kurdish. Yusuf Yasekah was a poet in the 11th century AH. The similarity between his name and the character of Yusuf in Seir Al-Akrad caused some researchers to consider both characters as one. The present study introduces this poet based on historical and literary sources and tries to quell misgivings about the similarity between his name and the character in Seir Al-Akrad. Based on some literary references in Yasekah and Mullah Mustafa Bisarani’s poems, the historical events, toponyms, and proper nouns in historical books and sources, this study determined that Yusuf Yasakah had lived in the late eleventh century AH, adopting an analytical methodology. The historical and literary evidence and documents also clarified that this poet has nothing to do with Yusuf’s story in Seir Al-Akrad.