بررسي واژگان و تركيبات فارسي به‌كاررفته در اشعار كُردي نالي

A Study of the Persian Words and Expressions in Nali’s Kurdish Poems

ﻧﺎﻟﯽ از ﺳﺨﻨﻮران ﻓﺼﯿﺢ و ﻣﻀﻤﻮنآﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﮐُﺮدي در ﻗﺮن ﻧﻮزدﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﻼدي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ واژهﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ را در اﺷﻌﺎر ﮐُﺮدي ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺳﺮآﻣﺪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﺷﻌﺮ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﮐُﺮدي اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻤﺎم اﺷﻌﺎر دﯾﻮان ﻧﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه و واژهﻫﺎ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت اﺳﻤﯽ و اﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﺎرﺳﯽِ دﯾﻮان وي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮدار و آﻣﺎر، درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت اﺳﻤﯽ و ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و واژهﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﺷﯿﻮهاي ﻧﻮ را در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟﻤﻠﻪﺑﻨﺪي و واژهﺳﺎزي در ﺷﻌﺮ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﮐُﺮدي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورده اﺳﺖ و از اﯾﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﯽ ﺧﺎص، در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻮ در ﺷﻌﺮ ﮐُﺮدي ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﺳﺮاﯾﺶ اﺷﻌﺎري اﺳﺘﻮار و وزﯾﻦ، از ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ دو زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و ﮐُﺮدي ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ، ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ واژهﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت اﺳﻤﯽ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در ﺷﻌﺮ ﻧﺎﻟﯽ ﻓﺮاوان اﺳﺖ .

Nali is one of the prominent and creative classical Kurdish poets of the nineteenth century. He used many Persian words and compounds in his Kurdish poems. He was one of the leading poets of classical Kurdish poetry in this area. In this research, all the poems of Nali’s Divan were studied, Persian words, nouns, and verb compounds were extracted, and their frequency was determined statistically. Nali presented a new method to create sentence structure and word formation in classical Kurdish poetry using the Persian language. In this way, Nali developed new meanings in Kurdish poetry. He used the capacities of both Persian and Kurdish languages in composing powerful metric poems. The data analysis showed the high frequency of Persian words and noun compounds in Nali’s poetry.