كليدواژه :
ﮐﻮرﻣﺎﻧﺠﯽ , ﮐﺮدي , ﺳﻮراﻧﯽ , زﺑﺎن ادﺑﯽ , ﮐﺮدي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ , اﻣﺎرت ﺑﺎﺑﺎن
چكيده فارسي :
ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻬﺎي ﮐﺮدي ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮐﻮرﻣﺎﻧﺠﯽ، ﺳﻮراﻧﯽ، ﮐﻠﻬﻮري و ﻏﯿﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﺸﯿﺮه و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﺷﻬﺮ ﮔﻮﯾﺶوران ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﻓﯽ، ﺳﻮر ﭼﯽ، ﺧﻮﺷﻨﺎوي، ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎﻧﯿﻪ اي، ارﺑﯿﻠﯽ، ﮔﺮﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮه. ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﯾﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ زﺑﺎن ﮐﺮدي ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ »ﺳﻮراﻧﯽ« ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯿﺸﺪ، از اواﯾﻞ ﺗﻄﻮرش ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ زﺑﺎن ادﺑﯽ در اﻣﺎرت ﺑﺎﺑﺎن در اواﺧﺮ ﻗﺮن ﻫﺠﺪه ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوز ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي در آﻏﺎز در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان اﻣﺎرت ﺑﺎﺑﺎن ﺗﺎ اواﯾﻞ ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ »ﮐﻮردي« ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺮدي ﻣﺜﻞ ﮐﺮدي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ »ﮐﻮرﻣﺎﻧﺠﯽ«، ﮐﺮدي ﮔﻮراﻧﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ »ﮔﻮران« و ﮔﺎه ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ »ﮐﻮردي« ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در دﻫﻪ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﻢ ﺗﺎزه اي ﺑﺮاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ »ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ« ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﺟﻨﻮب و ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻢ اﺳﻢ ﺗﺎزه اي ﺑﺮاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ »ﺳﻮراﻧﯽ« ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي راﯾﺞ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و اﺳﺎس ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ اﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻫﻢ ﮐﻪ اﺳﻢ »ﺳﻮراﻧﯽ« درﺧﻮر/ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺷﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﭼﻮن اﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ ﻫﯿﭻ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻧﺪارد و ﭘﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ اﺳﻢ ﯾﮏ اﻣﺎرت ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﻢ اﺳﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﯾﮏ ﻟﻬﺠﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ اي ﮐﺮدي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮران اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﻧﺪارد ﮐﻪ در دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﻮب و ﺷﺮق ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن و در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﺮدو ﮔﻮﯾﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﺮدي: ﮐﺮدي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﮐﺮدي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﻢ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ، ﮐﺮدي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
The Kurdish dialects are known by various names such as Kurmanji, Sorani, Kalhuri, etc. Some of them are named after their speakers’ tribe, region, or city, such as Jafi, Sourchi, Khoshnawi, Sulaymaniyaie, Arbili, Garmiani, etc. As the main Kurdish dialect, Central Kurdish has been known as “Sorani.” From the beginning of its development as a literary language in the 18th century in the Baban emirate, this dialect has been mentioned differently. In the early poems of the Baban emirate poets, this dialect was named “Kurdi” while Northern Kurdish was called “Kurmanji” and Gurani was called “Guran” and sometimes “Kurdi.” In the 1920s, the Central Kurdish dialect got a new name “Babani,” and Southern and Central Kurmanji later. In the second half of the 20th century, it was called by another new name, “Sorani,” which is the most frequent name for this Kurdish dialect. This study investigated the historical roots of these names, their emergence, and dissemination. It also explained why “Sorani” is not appropriate for this dialect. This name has no historical background; it has been the name of the Kurdish emirate in the past, and it is the name of a local variety of Central Kurdish. Therefore, it is not an appropriate name for the large size of its speakers inhabited the southern and eastern parts of Kurdistan, between the two main Kurdish dialects: Northern and Southern Kurdish. If we look at the map of greater Kurdistan, this dialect is located in the central part of it. Thus, the most appropriate and scientific name for this Kurdish dialect is the Central Kurdish.
